Chapter 22, Problem 22.60P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The precipitation of magnesium hydroxide from sea water has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

• Ion product (${\text{Q}}_{\text{c}}$ ) is defined as product of concentration of ions with each concentrations raised to the power of coefficients of ion in the solution.
• ${\text{Q}}_{\text{c}}{\text{ > K}}_{\text{sp}}$ , precipitation will happen
• ${\text{Q}}_{\text{c}}{\text{ is less than K}}_{\text{sp}}$, more solute can dissolve in solution that is no precipitation
• ${\text{Q}}_{\text{c}}{\text{ is equal to K}}_{\text{sp}}$, no more solute can dissolve or precipitate in solution.
• The solubility product constant (${\text{K}}_{\text{sp}}$) is defined as the equilibrium between compound and its ions in an aqueous solution.
• Solubility product is the multiplication of concentration of dissolved ion,  raised to the power of coefficients.
• Ionic compound ${\text{A}}_{\text{3}}\text{B}$ ${\text{K}}_{\text{sp}}\text{=}{\left[\text{A}\right]}^{\text{3}}\left[\text{B}\right]$.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The fraction of precipitated magnesium ion has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

• Ion product (${\text{Q}}_{\text{c}}$ ) is defined as product of concentration of ions with each concentrations raised to the power of coefficients of ion in the solution.
• ${\text{Q}}_{\text{c}}{\text{ > K}}_{\text{sp}}$ , precipitation will happen
• ${\text{Q}}_{\text{c}}{\text{ is less than K}}_{\text{sp}}$, more solute can dissolve in solution that is no precipitation
• ${\text{Q}}_{\text{c}}{\text{ is equal to K}}_{\text{sp}}$, no more solute can dissolve or precipitate in solution.
• The solubility product constant (${\text{K}}_{\text{sp}}$) is defined as the equilibrium between compound and its ions in an aqueous solution.
• Solubility product is the multiplication of concentration of dissolved ion,  raised to the power of coefficients.
• Ionic compound ${\text{A}}_{\text{3}}\text{B}$ ${\text{K}}_{\text{sp}}\text{=}{\left[\text{A}\right]}^{\text{3}}\left[\text{B}\right]$.