Horngren's Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis (16th Edition)
16th Edition
ISBN: 9780134475585
Author: Srikant M. Datar, Madhav V. Rajan
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 22, Problem 22.20E
Multinational transfer pricing, effect of alternative transfer-pricing methods, global income tax minimization. Tech Friendly Computer, Inc., with headquarters in San Francisco, manufactures and sells a desktop computer. Tech Friendly has three divisions, each of which is located in a different country:
- a. China division—manufactures memory devices and keyboards
- b. South Korea division—assembles desktop computers using locally manufactured parts, along with memory devices and keyboards from the China division
- c. U.S. division—packages and distributes desktop computers
Each division is run as a profit center. The costs for the work done in each division for a single desktop computer are as follows:
| China division: | Variable cost = 900 yuan |
| Fixed cost = 1,980 yuan | |
| South Korea division: | Variable cost = 350,000 won |
| Fixed cost = 470,000 won | |
| U.S. division: | Variable cost = $125 |
| Fixed cost = $325 |
- Chinese income tax rate on the China division’s operating income: 40%
- South Korean income tax rate on the South Korea division’s operating income: 20%
- U.S. income tax rate on the U.S. division’s operating income: 30%
Each desktop computer is sold to retail outlets in the United States for $3,800. Assume that the current foreign exchange rates are as follows:
Both the China and the South Korea divisions sell part of their production under a private label. The China division sells the comparable memory/keyboard package used in each Tech Friendly desktop computer to a Chinese manufacturer for 4,500 yuan. The South Korea division sells the comparable desktop computer to a South Korean distributor for 1,340,000 won.
- A. Calculate the after-tax operating income per unit earned by each division under the following transfer-pricing methods: (a) market price, (b) 200% of full cost, and (c) 350% of variable cost. (Income taxes are not included in the computation of the cost-based transfer prices.)
- B. Which transfer-pricing method(s) will maximize the after-tax operating income per unit of Tech Friendly Computer?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Large, diversified companies often will sell products/components from one division to another division rather than purchase from an outside supplier. Transfer price is the term used to describe the amount one division pays to another division within the same company to purchase a component part.
Therefore, if are the Boat Hull Manufacturing Company and we produce boat parts at the manufacturing facility in Virginia. The managerial accountant reported that Boat Hull Manufacturing manufactures parts to repair the container ships that import products from China. The main part that Boat Hull Manufacturing produces is the T24 part. The Port Department produces the T24 part at the Boat Hull Manufacturing facility in Virginia. The managerial accountant reported that the Deport Department could also produce the T24 part because there is excess capacity at the facility. The managerial accountant reported the current market price of the T24 part is $420 and reported the following…
Multinational transfer pricing, global tax minimization. Express Grow Inc., based in Ankeny, Iowa, sells high-end fertilizers. Express Grow has two divisions:
Bollozos Afterlife Corporation's Division A manufactures and sells product Brand X,
which is used in refrigeration systems. Per-unit variable manufacturing and selling costs
amount to P20 and P5, respectively The Division can sell this item to external domestic
customers for P36 or, alternatively, transfer the product to the company's Division B.
Division B is currently purchasing a similar unit from Taiwan for P33. Assume use of the
general transfer-pricing rule.
•What is the most that the Division B would be willing to pay the Division A for one unit?
• If Division A had excess capacity, what transfer price would the Division's management
set?
· If Division A had no excess capacity, what transfer price would the Divisions
management set?
If Division A had no excess capacity, what transfer price would the Divisions
management set assuming that Division A was able to reduce the variable cost of
internal transfers by P4 per unit
Chapter 22 Solutions
Horngren's Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis (16th Edition)
Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.1QCh. 22 - Describe three criteria you would use to evaluate...Ch. 22 - What is the relationship among motivation, goal...Ch. 22 - Name three benefits and two costs of...Ch. 22 - Organizations typically adopt a consistent...Ch. 22 - Transfer pricing is confined to profit centers. Do...Ch. 22 - What are the three methods for determining...Ch. 22 - What properties should transfer-pricing systems...Ch. 22 - All transfer-pricing methods give the same...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.10Q
Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.11QCh. 22 - Prob. 22.12QCh. 22 - Prob. 22.13QCh. 22 - Under the general guideline for transfer pricing,...Ch. 22 - How should managers consider income tax issues...Ch. 22 - Evaluating management control systems, balanced...Ch. 22 - Cost centers, profit centers, decentralization,...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.18ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.19ECh. 22 - Multinational transfer pricing, effect of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.21ECh. 22 - Multinational transfer pricing, global tax...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.23ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.24ECh. 22 - Transfer-pricing problem (continuation of 22-24)....Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.26PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.27PCh. 22 - Effect of alternative transfer-pricing methods on...Ch. 22 - Goal-congruence problems with cost-plus...Ch. 22 - Multinational transfer pricing, global tax...Ch. 22 - Transfer pricing, external market, goal...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.32PCh. 22 - Transfer pricing, goal congruence, ethics. Cocoa...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.34PCh. 22 - Transfer pricing, perfect and imperfect markets....Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.36PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.37P
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, accounting and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- ABC Inc. produces home appliances and sells them in the U.S. It outsources the production of the appliances to a Vietnamese manufacturer, and the imported appliances are priced in dollars. Its major competitor for appliances is located in China. Based on this information, ABC Inc. is subject to ____ exposure. A. economic B. translation C. economic and transaction D. transactionarrow_forwardTransfer Pricing; International Considerations; Strategy As indicated in the chapter, determining the appropriate transfer price in a multinational setting is a very complex problem, with multiple strategic considerations. Consider as an example a U.S. company with a subsidiary in Italy and asubsidiary in Ireland. The Italian subsidiary produces a product at a cost of $1,000 per unit. This unitis then sold to the Irish subsidiary, which adds $100 of cost to each unit. The unit is then shipped tothe U.S. parent company, which adds an additional $100 of cost to each unit. The unit is then sold to aU.S. customer for $2,000. Assume that the tax rate in Italy is 30%, the tax rate in Ireland is 15%, andthe tax rate in the United States is 35%.Required1. Define the term transfer price. Why is transfer pricing strategically important to organizations?2. What creates income tax planning opportunities when determining transfer prices in a multinational setting? Where could one go to obtain…arrow_forwardInternational outsourcing. Riverside Clippers Corp manufactures garden tools in a factory in Taneytown, Maryland. Recently, the company designed a collection of tools for professional use rather than consumer use. Management needs to make a good decision about whether to produce this line in their existing space in Maryland, where space is available or to accept an offer from a manufacturer in Taiwan. Data concerning the decision are:arrow_forward
- Cable Network System Bhd (CNS) is a supplier of equipment to telecommunication companies such as Maxis, Celcom and Astro. It has two division, Component Division and the Equipment Division. CNS adopts a decentralized management system where managers are essentially free to determine whether goods will be transferred internally and what would be the internal transfer prices. CNS policy is that for all internal transfers between divisions, the transfer price be expressed on a full cost basis. The markup in the full cost arrangement is left to the discretion of divisional managers. The managers of the two division held a meeting to discuss on the pricing arrangement for a mini- antennae produced by the component division. Production of the mini-antennae is currently at full capacity. The Component Division can sell the mini-antennae for RM 46.50 to outside customers. The Equipment Division can also buy the mini-antennae from external sources for the same price. The manager of the…arrow_forwardThe manager of a microchip (chip for short) manufacturing firm can choose from various production technologies and must determine whether or not to (a) move part of their production to a foreign plant, and (b) use the same technology in their foreign plant that they use in their domestic plant. Chip manufacturers can produce using either sophisticated equipment and relatively few workers (prevalent choice in the US) or many workers and less complex equipment (prevalent choice abroad). U.S. chip firms have been moving much of their production abroad for many years. Worldwide sales of chips made in the U.S. dropped from 66% in 1976 to 34% in 1998, and to 17% in 2011, then rose slightly to 21% in early 2015. U.S. chip firms moved their production abroad because of lower taxes, lower labor costs, and capital grants provided by foreign governments. These grants reduce the cost of operating a foreign facility by as much as 25%, compared to the costs of running a U.S. plant.…arrow_forwardCable Network System Bhd (CNS) is a supplier of equipment to telecommunication companies such as Maxis, Celcom and Astro. It has two division, Component Division and the Equipment Division. CNS adopts a decentralized management system where managers are essentially free to determine whether goods will be transferred internally and what would be the internal transfer prices. CNS policy is that for all internal transfers between divisions, the transfer price be expressed on a full cost basis. The markup in the full cost arrangement is left to the discretion of divisional managers. The managers of the two division held a meeting to discuss on the pricing arrangement for a mini- antennae produced by the component division. Production of the mini-antennae is currently at full capacity. The Component Division can sell the mini-antennae for RM 46.50 to outside customers. The Equipment Division can also buy the mini-antennae from external sources for the same price. The manager of the…arrow_forward
- i-Qua group is a drinking water factory in US. As the business progresses, demand is increasing in Texas, Chicago and New York. And the company owner plans to build a factory so that customer needs in the area can be met without having to send from the main factory. Some of the considerations for decision making can be seen based on the data below: a. How much is the annual sales volume (box) for each area to be able to compete on a competitive advantage strategy with competitors? b. What do you suggest to the company based on the cost data above for the location of its factory construction? Explain why and use the calculation data so that decision making can be in accordance with the company strategy that you have learned.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a reason why companies move into international operations? a. To better serve their primary customers. b. To take advantage of lower production costs in regions where labor costs are relatively low. c. To increase their inventory levels. d. Because important raw materials are located abroad. e. To develop new markets for the firm's products.arrow_forwardMultinational performance measurement, ROI, RI. The Seaside Corporation manufactures similar products in the United States and Norway. The U.S. and Norwegian operations are organized as decentralized divisions. The followinginformation is available for 2017; ROI is calculated as operating income divided by total assets:arrow_forward
- Carol Components operates a Production Division and a Packaging Division. Both divisions are evaluated as profit centers. Packaging buys components from Production and assembles them for sale. Production sells many components to third parties in addition to Packaging. Selected data from the two operations follow: Capacity (units) Sales price Variable costsb Fixed costs a For Production, this is the price to third parties. b For Packaging, this does not include the transfer price paid to Production. Suppose Production is located in Country A with a tax rate of 30 percent and Distribution in Country B with a tax rate of 10 percent. All other facts remain the same. a. Optimal transfer price b. Transfer price c Transfer price Required: a. Current output in Production is 25,300 units. Packaging requests an additional 5,960 units to produce a special order. What transfer price would you recommend? to search b. Suppose Production is operating at full capacity. What transfer price would you…arrow_forwardPertinent transfer price, perfect and imperfect markets. Mountaineer, Inc., has two divisions, A and B, that manufacture expensive bicycles. Division A produces the bicycle frame, and division B assembles the rest of the bicycle onto the frame. There is a market for both the subassembly and the nal product. Each division has been designated as a prot center. The transfer price for the subassembly has been set at the long-run average market price. The following data are available for each division:arrow_forwardBulldogs Inc. wants to enter the global market. Which one may not be the reason in such decision? Production efficiency in other countries may result to economies and synergies that are favorable to the company To seek technologies not yet present in the home country To broaden market and increase shareholder value Essential materials and labor rates may be more expensive in other countriesarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
How to Invest in Foreign Stocks (INVESTING FOR BEGINNERS); Author: The Money Tea;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qzj4VozcO9s;License: Standard Youtube License