Organic Chemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305080485
Author: John E. McMurry
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 21.SE, Problem 44MP
In the iodoform reaction, a triiodomethyl
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The mechanism for acidic hydrolysis of a nitrile resembles the basic hydrolysis, exceptthat the nitrile is first protonated, activating it toward attack by a weak nucleophile (water).Under acidic conditions, the proton transfer (tautomerism) involves protonation on nitrogen followed by deprotonation on oxygen. Propose a mechanism for the acid-catalyzedhydrolysis of benzonitrile to benzamide.
Acetic acid has been mixed with isoamyl alcohol to produce isoamyl acetate giving off a banana smell. Propose a reaction mechanism for this reaction.
When the following compound undergoes solvolysis in ethanol, three products are obtained. Propose a mechanism to account for the formation of these products.
Chapter 21 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 21.1 - Give IUPAC names for the following substances:Ch. 21.1 - Draw structures corresponding to the following...Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 3PCh. 21.2 - Rank the compounds in each of the following sets...Ch. 21.2 - Predict the products of the following nucleophilic...Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 6PCh. 21.3 - Prob. 7PCh. 21.3 - If the following molecule is treated with acid...Ch. 21.4 - How might you prepare the following esters using a...Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 11PCh. 21.4 - Prob. 12PCh. 21.4 - Prob. 13PCh. 21.5 - Prob. 14PCh. 21.5 - What product would you expect from reaction of one...Ch. 21.6 - Prob. 16PCh. 21.6 - Prob. 17PCh. 21.6 - Show the products you would obtain by reduction of...Ch. 21.6 - What ester and what Grignard reagent might you...Ch. 21.7 - Prob. 20PCh. 21.7 - How would you use the reaction of an amide with...Ch. 21.8 - Write the mechanism of the reaction shown in...Ch. 21.9 - Prob. 23PCh. 21.9 - Prob. 24PCh. 21.10 - Prob. 25PCh. 21.10 - Prob. 26PCh. 21.SE - Name the following compounds:Ch. 21.SE - Prob. 28VCCh. 21.SE - Prob. 29VCCh. 21.SE - Prob. 30VCCh. 21.SE - Predict the product(s) and provide the mechanism...Ch. 21.SE - Predict the product(s) and provide the mechanism...Ch. 21.SE - Predict the product(s) and provide the mechanism...Ch. 21.SE - Predict the product(s) and provide the complete...Ch. 21.SE - Prob. 35MPCh. 21.SE - When 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) is added in...Ch. 21.SE - Prob. 37MPCh. 21.SE - Prob. 38MPCh. 21.SE - Prob. 39MPCh. 21.SE - The hydrolysis of a biological thioester to the...Ch. 21.SE - Prob. 41MPCh. 21.SE - Prob. 42MPCh. 21.SE - Prob. 43MPCh. 21.SE - In the iodoform reaction, a triiodomethyl ketone...Ch. 21.SE - Give IUPAC names for the following compounds:Ch. 21.SE - Prob. 46APCh. 21.SE - Draw and name compounds that meet the following...Ch. 21.SE - Predict the product, if any, of reaction between...Ch. 21.SE - Prob. 49APCh. 21.SE - Prob. 50APCh. 21.SE - What product would you expect to obtain from...Ch. 21.SE - Prob. 52APCh. 21.SE - Prob. 53APCh. 21.SE - The following reactivity order has been found for...Ch. 21.SE - Prob. 55APCh. 21.SE - Outline methods for the preparation of...Ch. 21.SE - Prob. 57APCh. 21.SE - When ethyl benzoate is heated in methanol...Ch. 21.SE - tert-Butoxycarbonyl azide, a reagent used in...Ch. 21.SE - Prob. 60APCh. 21.SE - Prob. 61APCh. 21.SE - What is the structure of the polymer produced by...Ch. 21.SE - Polyimides with the structure shown are used as...Ch. 21.SE - Prob. 64APCh. 21.SE - Propose a structure for a compound, C4H7ClO2, that...Ch. 21.SE - Assign structures to compounds with the following...Ch. 21.SE - Prob. 67APCh. 21.SE - When a carboxylic acid is dissolved in...Ch. 21.SE - Prob. 69APCh. 21.SE - Prob. 70APCh. 21.SE - Prob. 71APCh. 21.SE - Phenyl 4-aminosalicylate is a drug used in the...Ch. 21.SE - N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) is the active...Ch. 21.SE - Tranexamic acid, a drug useful against blood...Ch. 21.SE - One frequently used method for preparing methyl...Ch. 21.SE - Prob. 76APCh. 21.SE - Assign structures to compounds with the following...Ch. 21.SE - Propose structures for compounds with the...Ch. 21.SE - Propose a structure for the compound with the...Ch. 21.SE - Draw the structure of the compound that produced...Ch. 21.SE - Prob. 81APCh. 21.SE - Epoxy adhesives are prepared in two steps. SN2...
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- Aldehydes and ketones react with thiols to yield thioacetals just as they react with alcohols to yield acetals. Predict the product of the following reaction, and propose a mechanism:arrow_forwardBenzene + nitration, followed by bromination, then reduction of the nitro group to an amine, followed by diazonization, addition of copper I cyanide to the reaction and the product is O benzoyl nitrile O ortho-bromoaniline O para-bromo-nitrobenzene O 3,5-dibromnobenzonitrile O para-bromobenzyl bromidearrow_forwardBisphenol A is made on a large scale by a condensation of phenol with acetone. Suggest an appropriate catalyst, and propose a mechanism for this reaction.arrow_forward
- Propose a mechanism for the reaction of benzyl acetate with methylamine. Label theattacking nucleophile and the leaving group, and draw the transition state in which theleaving group leaves.arrow_forwardUnder acid catalysis, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol reacts to give surprisingly good yields of dihydropyran. Propose a mechanism to explain this useful synthesis.arrow_forwardpropose a mechanism for the following transformationsarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is correct? An aldehyde can react with a secondary amine through a nucleophilic addition-elimination mechanism to give an enamine product. A ketone can react with a secondary amine through a nucleophilic addition mechanism to give an imine product. An ketone can react with a primary amine through a nucleophilic addition-elimination mechanism to give an enamine product. An aldehyde can react with a primary amine through a nucleophilic addition mechanism to give an imine product.arrow_forwardIn the presence of an acid catalyst, acetaldehyde forms a trimer known as paraldehyde. Because it induces sleep when it is administered to animals inlarge doses, paraldehyde is used as a sedative or hypnotic. Propose a mechanism for the formation of paraldehyde.arrow_forwardPropose a mechanism to synthesize the compound A using diethyl sulfide. and compound B using benzene.arrow_forward
- 3,5-Dibromo-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid is used as a disinfectant. Propose a synthesis of this compound from phenol.arrow_forwardhow to synthesize 2-phenylclohexanone from cyclohexanone?arrow_forwardIsoamyl acetate (also known as isopentyl acetate) is an ester that is referred to as “banana flavor” due to its odor that resembles that of banana. It can be synthesized from isopentyl alcohol and acetic acid via nucleophilic acyl substitution mechanism. Propose a mechanism for the synthesis of isoamyl acetate from acetic acid and isoamyl alcohol.arrow_forward
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