Universe: Stars And Galaxies
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781319115098
Author: Roger Freedman, Robert Geller, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 21, Problem 66Q
To determine
To explain:
The amount of time taken for an object dropped from a great distance to fall through the event horizon of a black hole as seen by a distant observer.
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what is the mass of the black hole ? give your answer as a multiple of Ms where Ms is the solar mass, Ms = 2.0 * 10^(30)
express your answer as a multiple of the solar mass mass Ms.
Now look at the two images labeled "At a distance of 2.5M" and "At a distance of 2.1M". These show what happens as you move towards the black hole, looking away from it. What happens to your field of view of everything outside the black hole?
Assume the event horizon is the size of the black hole (it is not: in reality, the black hole is a point source). What is the density of a black hole that has the mass of the Sun in units of kg/cm3? Please express your answer in scientific notation with the "e" format inside the text box, and keep three significant figures (for example, 5.01e3 for 5.01
× 103).
Chapter 21 Solutions
Universe: Stars And Galaxies
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- As an object falls into a black hole, tidal forces increase. Will these tidal forces always tear the object apart as it approaches the Schwarzschild radius? How does the mass of the black hole and size of the object affect your answer?arrow_forwardAs a person approaches the Schwarzschild radius fo a black hole, outside observers see all the processes of that person (their clocks, their heart rate, etc.) slowing down, and coming to a halst as they reach the Schwarzschild radius. (The person falling into the black hole sees their own processes unaffected.) But the speed of light is the same everywhere for all observers. What does this say about space as you approach the black hole?arrow_forwardImagine you are in an indestructible spaceship orbiting a black hole and you decide to launch a probe into the black hole. Explain how time would pass differently for you and the probe as it is pulled into the black hole. Also, explain what the onboard camera would observe as it passed the photon sphere and the event horizon.arrow_forward
- What is the Schwarzschild radius (in km) of a 6Msun black hole? What fraction of the Earth's radius is this? What percent of the speed of light (2.998 x 108 m/s) is the escape velocity at the Schwarzschild radius? Part 1 of 3 The Schwarzschild radius of a black hole is given by: 2GM Rs = c2 so for the given mass, 2G(6)(Msun) Rs c2 where M. Sun = 1.99 x 1030 kg. Then convert this into kilometers using 1 km = 1,000 m. Rs kmarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements best describes the behaviour of an object falling towards the Event Horizon of a Black Hole (according to an observer a long way from it)? As gravity increases the falling object will not suffer any change in appearence or the progression of time. As gravity increases the object's light will be compressed, leading to it looking bluer, with time appearing to passing more slowly for it. The falling object will appear to experience an increase in the rate of time, and it's colour will appear evermore red. As the falling object experiences ever stronger gravity, it will become redder and time will appear to pass more slowly for it.arrow_forwardThe area of the event Horizon of a black hole is 4tRg². Use the Schwarzschild metric to verify this. (Please answer in detail or skip)arrow_forward
- I understand that to an outside observer, the light from a star that is collapsing into a black hole will become more and more red-shifted as the surface of the star appears to approach the black hole event horizon. The outside observer will never actually see the surface of the star cross the black hole event horizon. This applies to all outside observers: at infinity, in orbit around the star/black hole or those using a rocket to hover above the black hole. Conversely, I know that for someone on the surface of the star that is collapsing to form a black hole it will appear quite different. The observer on the surface will not see anything unusual happen as they cross the event horizon and in a finite time they will reach the singularity at the center of the black hole where we do not know what will happen since general relativity breaks down in a singularity. So, now consider an observer that starts at a great distance from the star who is continually falling directly into the star…arrow_forwardWhat is the orbital period (in s) of a bit of matter in an accretion disk that is located 6 ✕ 105 km from a 99 M black hole? Hint: Use the circular orbit velocity formula, Vc = GM r . sarrow_forwardAs a person approaches the Schwarzschild radius of a black hole, outside observers see all the processes of that person (their clocks, their heart rate, etc.) slowing down, and coming to a halt as they reach the Schwarzschild radius. (The person falling into the black hole sees their own processes unaffected.) But the speed of light is the same everywhere for all observers. What does this say about space as you approach the black hole?arrow_forward
- If the sun has a Schwarzschild radius, why isn't it a black hole?arrow_forwardIn 1999, scientists discovered a new class of black holes with masses 100 to 10,000 times the mass of our sun that occupy less space than our moon. Suppose that one of these black holes has a mass of 1x10^3 suns and a radius equal to one-half the radius of our moon. What is the density of the black hole in g/cm^3? The radius of our sun is 7.0x10^5 km, and it has an average density of 1.4x10^3 kg/m^3. The diameter of the moon is 2.16x10^3 miles.arrow_forwardGM What is the orbital period of a bit of matter in an accretion disk that is located 3 x 105 km from a 29 M. black hole? (Hint: Use the circular orbit velocity formula, V. = Varrow_forward
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