Microbiology: A Systems Approach
Microbiology: A Systems Approach
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781259706615
Author: Marjorie Kelly Cowan Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 21, Problem 3CTQ
Summary Introduction

To explain:

The process of antigenic shift in the evolution of the H1N1 swine flu pandemic strain of influenza virus seen in 2009.

Introduction:

Influenza virus is of three types namely A, B, and C. They belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae. They have a diameter of 80-120nm (nanometer). There are various lipoproteins present on the surface of this virus-like hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Virus binds to the cell surface receptor and mucus lining coat of the respiratory tract is dissolved leading to penetration of these virus particles inside the cells.

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X is a zoonotic infection first identified in humans in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The infection presents clinically with fever, rash and swollen lymph nodes and may lead to a range of medical complications. X was first identified outside of Africa in 2003 and later reported in the United States of America, linked to contact with infected pet prairie dogs. The pets were reportedly housed with Gambian pouched rats and dormice, imported from Ghana. X has also been further reported in travelers from Nigeria to different countries around the world between 2018 and 2021. This resulted in multiple cases of X identified in several non-endemic countries in 2022, including South Africa. 3.1 Explain the clinical symptoms and laboratory diagnosis of infection X( five each)
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Explain why a different influenza vaccine is necessary every year. How is this different from the development of pandemic versions? Please include in your answer the terms antigenic shift and antigenic drift.
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