Universe
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319039448
Author: Robert Geller, Roger Freedman, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 21, Problem 31Q
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The great proof of Einstein's Theory of General Relativity was that light is bent by gravity (as it travels through a curved
spacetime). Which of these statements is true??
O A light ray is bent the same amount, it doesn't matter how strong the gravity is.
O A light ray is bent less by an intense gravitational field.
O A light ray is bent more by an intense gravitational field.
O Light rays aren't bent.
According to Einstein’s two postulates of special relativity:
The first postulate states that: All inertial reference frames are equivalent. Explain what is meant by this first postulate.
The active gravitational mass (m^) of a particle is an attribute that enables it to
establish a gravitational field in space, whereas the passive gravitational mass (m") is
an attribute that enables the particle to respond to this field.
(a) Write Newton's law of universal gravitation in terms of the relevant active and
passive gravitational masses.
(b) Show that the third law of motion makes it unnecessary to distinguish between
active and passive gravitational mass.
Chapter 21 Solutions
Universe
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- The special theory of relativity is "special" because it deals only with a certain type of reference frames, inertial reference frames. What are inertial reference frames?arrow_forwardWhat are the two postulates of Einstein's special theory of relativity?arrow_forwardThe special theory of relativity has what effect on measurements done today? (a) None whatsoever, because any correction would be negligible. (b) We need to consider the effects of relativity when objects move close to the speed of light. (c) We should always make a correction for relativity because Newton’s laws are basically wrong. (d) It doesn’t matter, because we can’t make measurements where relativity would matter.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is one of the postulates of Special Relativity? Time dilates and length contracts as an object approaches relativistic speeds. . Events that are simultaneous in one frame may not be simultaneous in another. . All laws of physics are of the same form in all inertial frames of reference. The speed of light in vacuum is constant and dependent on the speed of the source.arrow_forwardCan you answer number 3?arrow_forwardConsidering Newton’s model of gravity, which of the following statements concerning the “constants” G and g is true? a) Neither g nor G depend on location. (They are both “universal” constants.) b) Both g and G depend on location. (They are “constants” but location‐dependent constants.) c) The value of G is believed to be the same anywhere in the universe. d) The value of g and G turn out to be equal (to each other) at the surface of a planet.arrow_forward
- Hello, I've got the correct answer for #2 but gravity is negative in this situation and I can't square root a negative number. I still get the correct answer if I change it to a positive number. Why is that? Should I be using gravity as positive in this question? Maxarrow_forwardIn Newtonian gravitation, how does the force depend on distance? Pick those that apply. The force of gravity does not depend on the distance between two objects. It decreases as 1 divided by the square of the distance, so at twice the distance it is 1/4 the force. It decreases in inverse proportion to the distance, so that at twice the distance it is 1/2 the force. The square of the force is proportional to the cube of the distance.arrow_forwardWhat are the two postulates of the special theory of relativity?arrow_forward
- Which of the following is a key difference between Newton's Law of Gravity and Einstein's equations of General Relativity? Select one: Newton's Law of gravity does not yield accurate results for smaller bodies such as Pluto, the asteroids, and а. comets. O b. Einstein's General Relativity insists that gravity is a force, whereas Newton's Law of Gravity does not. С. Newton's Law of Gravity suggests that particles lacking mass (such as photons of light) will be unaffected by gravitational fields. O d. Einstein's General Relativity is only mathematical and theoretical in nature, and has not been supported by observational evidence.arrow_forwardIn general relativity, gravity changes time. Gravitational potential = - G M / R. Time change r = At/t = A/c². A satellite (e.g., GPS) orbits 21 km above Earth surface, and gravity at the satellites are a little different from Earth surface. The distance error is Ad = c At. Ad is km in one day Please do not copy and paste. Thank you!arrow_forward1.) In what way(s) is Einstein's general theory of relativity superior to Newton's theory of universal gravitation? For each way, give an example of a case where Einstein's theory provides a more accurate description of physical phenomena than does Newton's. (Select all that apply.) A.) Newton's theory originally held that the orbit of a spherical object about another will be an open curve for which the point of closest approach slowly precesses. Einstein's theory correctly predicts that gravitational forces lead to orbits of closed ellipses. B.) Einstein's theory correctly predicts the deflection of light passing near a massive object, while Newton's theory predicts a deflection that is one-half the observed deflection. C.) Einstein's theory correctly predicts that the orbit of a spherical object about another will be an open curve for which the point of closest approach slowly precesses. Newton's theory originally held that gravitational forces lead to orbits of closed…arrow_forward
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