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Science Chemistry Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach

The difference in the fusion reactions that are the basis for power production in a tokamak and the fusion reactions that power our sun. Solution: In a tokamak, ignition of fusion reaction starts with neutron production from isotopes of hydrogen while in the fusion reaction of the sun, it starts with positron production from proton. Explanation: A tokamak transmits electrical energy into a chamber containing deuterium and tritium. High-speed collision between deuterium and tritium nuclei in the plasma produces nuclei of helium-4 and neutrons: H 1 2 + H 1 3 → H e 2 4 + n 0 1 The neutrons produced in this reaction collide with the nuclei of the L i atoms in breeder, initiating two more fusion reactions: n 0 1 + L i 3 6 → H e 2 4 + H 1 3 n 0 1 + L i 3 7 → H e 2 4 + H 1 3 + n 0 1 In the sun, colliding protons fuse together to form a deuteron. 2 p 1 1 → D 1 2 + β 1 0 Collisions between deuteron and proton produces 3 He. H 1 1 + D 1 2 → H e 2 3 Two 3 He nuclei can fuse to form H e : 4 2 H e 2 3 → H e 2 4 + 2 H 1 1 If we compare the fusion reaction in both the cases, initiation is different in both. In tokamak, the reaction starts with the collision between isotopes of hydrogen to form helium nucleus with neutrons. On the other hand, in the fusion reaction, which is the source for sun, it starts with the collision of protons to form deuteron. Thus in both the fusions, initiation reactions are different. Conclusion: Starting energetic atoms for the two fusion reactions are different.

The difference in the fusion reactions that are the basis for power production in a tokamak and the fusion reactions that power our sun. Solution: In a tokamak, ignition of fusion reaction starts with neutron production from isotopes of hydrogen while in the fusion reaction of the sun, it starts with positron production from proton. Explanation: A tokamak transmits electrical energy into a chamber containing deuterium and tritium. High-speed collision between deuterium and tritium nuclei in the plasma produces nuclei of helium-4 and neutrons: H 1 2 + H 1 3 → H e 2 4 + n 0 1 The neutrons produced in this reaction collide with the nuclei of the L i atoms in breeder, initiating two more fusion reactions: n 0 1 + L i 3 6 → H e 2 4 + H 1 3 n 0 1 + L i 3 7 → H e 2 4 + H 1 3 + n 0 1 In the sun, colliding protons fuse together to form a deuteron. 2 p 1 1 → D 1 2 + β 1 0 Collisions between deuteron and proton produces 3 He. H 1 1 + D 1 2 → H e 2 3 Two 3 He nuclei can fuse to form H e : 4 2 H e 2 3 → H e 2 4 + 2 H 1 1 If we compare the fusion reaction in both the cases, initiation is different in both. In tokamak, the reaction starts with the collision between isotopes of hydrogen to form helium nucleus with neutrons. On the other hand, in the fusion reaction, which is the source for sun, it starts with the collision of protons to form deuteron. Thus in both the fusions, initiation reactions are different. Conclusion: Starting energetic atoms for the two fusion reactions are different.

Solution Summary: The author compares the fusion reactions that are the basis for power production in a tokamak and those that power our sun.

Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach

Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach

14th Edition

ISBN: 9780393912340

Author: Thomas R. Gilbert, Rein V. Kirss, Natalie Foster

Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company

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Writing and Balancing Nuclear Equations

A nuclear equation is a symbolic representation of a nuclear reaction using certain symbols. It is studied in nuclear chemistry and nuclear physics.

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Chapter 21, Problem 21.15QA

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Chapter 21 Solutions

Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach

Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.1VP Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.2VP Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.4VP Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.5VP Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.6VP Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.7VP Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.8VP Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.9VP Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.10VP Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.11VP

Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.12VP Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.13QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.14QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.15QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.16QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.17QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.18QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.19QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.20QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.22QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.23QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.24QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.25QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.26QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.27QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.28QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.29QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.30QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.31QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.32QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.33QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.34QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.35QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.36QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.37QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.38QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.39QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.40QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.41QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.42QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.43QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.44QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.45QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.46QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.47QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.48QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.49QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.50QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.51QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.52QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.53QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.54QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.55QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.56QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.57QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.58QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.59QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.60QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.61QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.62QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.63QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.64QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.65QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.66QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.67QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.68QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.69QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.70QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.71QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.72QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.73QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.74QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.75QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.76QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.77QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.78QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.79QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.80QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.81QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.82QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.83QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.84QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.85QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.86QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.87QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.88QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.89QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.90QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.91QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.92QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.93QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.94QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.95QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.96QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.97QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.98QA Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.99QA

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