Universe
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319039448
Author: Robert Geller, Roger Freedman, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 20, Problem 7CC
To determine
The reason due to which the formation of a planetary nebula around Sun precipitates the end of nuclear reactions in the core.
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Chapter 20 Solutions
Universe
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- Two protostars, one 10 times the mass of the Sun and one half the mass of the Sun are born at the same time in a molecular cloud. Which one will be first to reach the main sequence stage, where it is stable and getting energy from fusion?arrow_forwardWhat is a planetary nebula? Will we have one around the Sun?arrow_forwardThe nuclear process for fusing helium into carbon is often called the “triple-alpha process.” Why is it called as such, and why must it occur at a much higher temperature than the nuclear process for fusing hydrogen into helium?arrow_forward
- QUESTION 16 Use the figure shown below to complete the following statement: A low-mass protostar (0.5 to 8M the mass compared to our sun) remains roughly constant in decreases in until it makes a turn towards the main sequence, as it follows its evolutionary track. Protostars of different masses follow diferent paths on their way to the main sequence. 107 Luminosity (L) 10 105 10 107 10² 101 1 10-1 10-2 10-3 Spectral type 0.01 R 0.001 Re 60 M MAIN SEQUENCE 40,000 30,000 20 Mau 10 Mgun 5 Mun 0.1 Run Ren radius; temperature luminosity; radius 3 Min. 05 BO temperature; luminosity Oluminosity: temperature radius: luminosity 1 M 10,000 6000 Surlace temperature (K) 1,000 Rs 2 M STAR L 0.8 M B5 AO FOGO КБ МБ -10 +10 3000 Absolute visual magnitude andarrow_forwardBoth the CNO cycle and the proton–proton chain combine 4 H nuclei to produce 1 He nucleus. Would those two processes release the same amount of energy per He nucleus produced?arrow_forwardThe Orion Nebula is about 20 light-years (20 × 1018 cm) across, enclosing a roughly spherical area with a volume of 4.19 × 1057 cm3. Calculate the number of 0.1 solar mass stars that might be formed in such a nebula. Assume that the nebula has a density of 1000 atoms/cm3.arrow_forward
- Which of the below is a possible evolutionary outcome for the Sun (given in the correct chronological order). a) planetary nebula, red giant, white dwarf b) Red giant, planetary nebula, white dwarf c) Red giant, planetary nebula, neutron star d) Red giant, neutron star with simultaneous supernova explosion e) Red giant, black hole with simultaneous supernova explosionarrow_forwardHow is nuclear fusion different from the process of standard radio-active decay?arrow_forwardAssume that the solar wind causes the Sun to lose mass at a rate of 2 x 10’ kg/s. If you assume the wind is emitted a constant rate, estimate the time (in units of Gyr =Gigayears = 10° years) that it will take the entire Sun to evaporate via its solar wind emission. (Of course, the rate won't be constant throughout the lifetime of the Sun---this is just a rough estimate to understand the timescale associated with this process.) [Hint: you need to look up a number and do several unit conversions; this is a *rate* problem. Enter your answer as an integer or decimal, NOT in scientific notation.]arrow_forward
- Why the sun does not get ripped apart by the outwards pressure of nuclear fusion?arrow_forwardShow that the statement that 92% of the Sun’s atoms are hydrogen is consistent with the statement that 73% of the Sun’s mass is made up of hydrogen, as found in Table 15.2. (Hint: Make the simplifying assumption, which is nearly correct, that the Sun is made up entirely of hydrogen and helium.)arrow_forwardWhy do you suppose so great a fraction of the Sun’s energy comes from its central regions? Within what fraction of the Sun’s radius does practically all of the Sun’s luminosity originate (see Figure 16.16)? Within what radius of the Sun has its original hydrogen been partially used up? Discuss what relationship the answers to these questions bear to one another. Figure 16.16 shows how the temperature, density, rate of energy generation, and composition vary from the center of the Sun to its surface.arrow_forward
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