Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399425
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 20, Problem 60QAP
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols should be distinguished and structural formula of each should be given.
Concept Introduction:
An organic compound in which hydroxyl
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Differentiate primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.
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Name the functional groups for each. Specify primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols and halides.
Chapter 20 Solutions
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
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- What functional group distinguishes each of the following hydrocarbon derivatives? a. halohydrocarbons b. alcohols c. ethers d. aldehydes e. ketones f. carboxylic acids g. esters h. amines Give examples of each functional group. What prefix or suffix is used to name each functional group? What are the bond angles in each? Describe the bonding in each functional group. What is the difference between a primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohol? For the functional groups in ah, when is a number required to indicate the position of the functional group? Carboxylic acids are often written as RCOOH. What does COOH indicate and what does R indicate? Aldehydes are sometimes written as RCHO. What does CHO indicate?arrow_forwardAlcohols are very useful starting materials for the production of many different compounds. The following conversions, starting with 1-butanol, can be carried out in two or more steps. Show the steps (reactants/catalysts) you would follow to carry out the conversions, drawing the formula for the organic product in each step. For each step, a major product must be produced. (See Exercise 62.) (Hint: In the presence of H+, an alcohol is converted into an alkene and water. This is the exact reverse of the reaction of adding water to an alkene to form an alcohol.) a. 1-butanol butane b. 1-butanol 2-butanonearrow_forwardWrite the molecular formula of each alkane.arrow_forward
- 1. The chemical formula C4H100 results in four alcohols and three ethers for a total of seven structural isomers. Draw pairs of structural formulas for these molecules that illustrate positional and functional isomerism on a sheet of paper. You will be drawing a total of four formulas. Label each pair as positional or functional.arrow_forwardHow does the structure of an alcohol differ from an ether? Describe how an aldehyde differs in structure from a ketone. Thiols are compounds which resemble alcohols, except that the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur atom. Draw the analogous thiol for the four carbon alcohol in Table 1. Describe the structural difference between carboxylic acids and esters. Are ethers polar molecules? Would you expect ethers to have higher or lower boiling points than alkanes (circle one)? Explain. Pentane (an alkane) has a boiling point of 36 °C. Does the data agree with your prediction? explain why this could be the casearrow_forwardWrite the structural formula for propylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol. Why is it classified as an alcohol? Is it a polar molecule? Should it be miscible with water?arrow_forward
- You are teaching a class in organic chemistry to grade 12 students. Outline the differences in 3 physical properties between alkanes, alcohols, and carboxylic acids. Note: they all have the same hydrocarbon length.arrow_forwardDraw Lewis structures and condensed structural formulas for the four alcohols with the molecular formula C4H10O. Classify each alcohol as primary, secondary, or tertiary. (Hint: First consider the connectivity of the four carbon atoms; they can be bonded either four in a chain or three in a chain with the fourth carbon as a branch on the middle carbon. Then consider the points at which the iOH group can be bonded to each carbon chain.)arrow_forward3) Give the structural formulas and the old and new IUPAC names of all eight open-chain isomeric alcohols with the molecular formula CSH11OH. Indicate which of these isomers are primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol. 4) Six isomeric saturated ethers have the molecular formula CsH120. Write the structural formula and name for each of these ethers.arrow_forward
- 1. Give an example of alcohol with structural formula 2. Give an example of phenols with structural formula 3. Give an example of ethers with structural formulaarrow_forwardExplain using only structural diagrams only the differences between primary,secondary and tertiary alcohols.arrow_forward12. Write bond-line structural formulas for (a.) two primary alcohols, (b.) a secondary alcohol, and (c.) a tertiary alcohol-all having the molecular formula CaH100.arrow_forward
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