BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 20, Problem 3IQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: The evolutionary change in body size when the number of eggs laid per day was not affected by body size.
Introduction: The process of evolution, in which genetic material becomes changed overtime due to some alteration in the gene, is referred to as the evolutionary changes. These changes are characterized by the phenomenon of survival of the fittest. The fitness of organisms is defined as the combination of survival, the process of mating, and the number of progenies produced in a single mating.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Define natural selection using the 5 points below to explain its role in understanding primate behavior.
(1) there is variation among individuals;
(2) some of that variation is heritable;
(3) there is always competition between individuals for resources;
(4) some variants outcompete other variants and leave more offspring;
(5) to the extent that the parent's traits are heritable, then a larger portion of the next generation will reflect those traits.
Humans often survive beyond their childbearing years, which is unique among primates. The
grandmother hypothesis states that human longevity beyond childbearing years is selected for
because grandmothers benefit the children of their offspring. This effectively increases
survivorship of the offspring of their offspring (two generations into the future). Assuming that
human longevity also has a cost, e.g. reduced fecundity (number of offspring), which of the
following would most likely produce selection for longer lives?
(Not required, but if you are interested see this popular press story about the "evolution" of this
hypothesis: http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2012/10/the-evolutionary-importance-of-
grandmothers/264039/ 2 )
Selection only occurs if females, and not males, have extended lives, that is why males have a shorter life
expectancy
O Human grandmothers must only nurture their own children and not their grandchildren
O Increased survival in grandchildren due to…
In a savanna ecosystem, scientists investigate a species of antelope. Male antelopes display elaborate horns, which are used in ritualized combat during the mating season. Females are observed to choose mates with larger and more symmetrical horns. Which hypothesis suggests that the preference for males with larger and more symmetrical horns is based on the direct correlation between horn size and the male's overall physical condition?
Group of answer choices
Runaway sexual selection
Good health hypothesis
Good DNA hypothesis
Sexy son hypothesis
Chapter 20 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 20.1 - Define evolution and population genetics.Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 20.2 - Explain the HardyWeinberg principle.Ch. 20.2 - Describe the characteristics of a population that...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 20.3 - Define the five processes that can cause...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 20.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 20.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 20.4 - Demonstrate how the success of different...
Ch. 20.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 20.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 20.5 - Prob. 3LOCh. 20.6 - Define frequency-dependent selection, oscillating...Ch. 20.6 - Prob. 2LOCh. 20.7 - Define and contrast disruptive, directional, and...Ch. 20.7 - Prob. 2LOCh. 20.8 - Explain how experiments can be used to test...Ch. 20.9 - Prob. 1LOCh. 20.9 - Prob. 2LOCh. 20.10 - Prob. 2LOCh. 20 - If all white cats died, what proportion of the...Ch. 20 - Assuming that the values on the x-axis represent...Ch. 20 - Prob. 3DACh. 20 - Prob. 4DACh. 20 - Examine the index of copper tolerance on nonmine...Ch. 20 - Prob. 6DACh. 20 - Why are rare alleles particularly likely to be...Ch. 20 - Prob. 2IQCh. 20 - Prob. 3IQCh. 20 - Prob. 4IQCh. 20 - Prob. 5IQCh. 20 - Prob. 6IQCh. 20 - Prob. 7IQCh. 20 - Prob. 8IQCh. 20 - Prob. 9IQCh. 20 - Assortative mating a. affects genotype frequencies...Ch. 20 - When the environment changes from year to year and...Ch. 20 - Many factors can limit the ability of natural...Ch. 20 - Stabilizing selection differs from directional...Ch. 20 - Founder effects and bottlenecks are a. expected...Ch. 20 - Relative fitness a. refers to the survival rate of...Ch. 20 - For natural selection to result in evolutionary...Ch. 20 - Prob. 8UCh. 20 - In a population of red (dominant allele) or white...Ch. 20 - Genetic drift and natural selection can both lead...Ch. 20 - Prob. 3ACh. 20 - Prob. 4ACh. 20 - In Trinidadian guppies a combination of elegant...Ch. 20 - On large, black lava flows in the deserts of the...Ch. 20 - Based on a consideration of how strong artificial...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Comparing across animals in the image, do you think there is a major difference in animals' abilities to regulate unconscious functions like heart rate and breathing rate? Why or why not?arrow_forwardIf natural selection has no foresight,how can it explain features that seem to prepare organisms for future events? For example, deciduous trees at high latitudes drop their leaves before winter arrives, male birds establish territories before females arrive in the spring, and animals such as squirrels and jays store food as winter approaches.arrow_forwardAccording to Darwinian evolution, there must be variation and selection. In the evolution of large claws in lobsters: What trait(s) might have been variable? What factors might have resulted in members of the population being selected? Speculate about why predatory cats such as the lion and the leopard have not evolved to be as fast as the cheetah. The elephant has evolved to be a great size, while the mouse has evolved to be relatively small. Explain how natural selection might favour a different size in each mammal species.arrow_forward
- . The images below show two separate theories of how organisms evolve. Which question below directly corresponds to whether Lamarck or Darwin are correct about their theories of the mechanisms of evolution? Why don’t the shorter neck giraffes feed on grasses and lower vegetation? How would the shorter necked giraffes in Lamarck’s theory survive to reproduce and pass on the “need” for longer necks if they were unable to reach food? Why won’t the taller necked giraffes in Darwin’s theory provide assistance to the shorter giraffes since they are the same species? Will the smaller giraffes be more adapted to hide from predators since they wouldn’t be visible from greater distances?arrow_forwardMany lines of evidence, including biochemical evidence, show that living birds are direct descendants of dinosaurs. A number of dinosaur lineages had feathered dinosaurs, not just the lineage that includes living birds. Do you think that is it justified to believe that all feathered dinosaurs had behaviors known from living birds? Such behaviors of birds include colonial nesting, sexual displays by males using feathers, males moving to display their ornamental feathers to female mates. Give a brief reason for your answer.arrow_forwardOne of Darwin’s finches, the medium ground finch (Geospiza fortis), is found on the small island of Daphne Major. These finches are seedeating birds. A major drought occurred on the island in 1977. Following the drought, the average beak size of medium ground finches had increased about 3%–4%. Why might a drought lead to an evolutionary change in beak size? Propose a hypothesis and explain how you could go about testing it.arrow_forward
- Is sexual selection or natural selection the driver for the differences between males and females? a. In the hollyhock weevil (Rhopalapion longirostre) the females a have much longer rostrum. The length of rostrum is correlated with offspring survival but not mating frequency. b. In the marine iguana species (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) on the islands near Ecuador the males often exceed expected size on a given island. Male size is correlated with survival and number of mating events.arrow_forwardCreate a Concept Map for the following:arrow_forwardBecause many of the key mechanisms of evolution activate when sperm and egg combine, volutionary change happens faster for organisms with short life cycles (viruses, bacteria, fruit fly, yeast) compared to organisms with long life cycles (humans, elephants, tortoises). True Falsearrow_forward
- Phalaropes are shore birds with brightly colored females and dull colored males. Females are larger than males and compete with each other for access to males. Considering sexual selection theory, select the idea(s) below that seem(s) most plausible in light of the pattern of sexual dimorphism? Pick all that apply This is a picture of a brightly colored female: O Females incubate eggs and care for the young. Males incubate eggs and care for the young Males are choosy. males are not choosyarrow_forwardThe Pipidae are a family of tongueless frogs that have one or more claws on their toes. While observing these frogs, you notice that males with more claws had more opportunities to mate and father more offspring. You hypothesize that these frogs evolved to have more claws as an adaptive trait to improve reproductive success. To test this hypothesis, you must: 1.look for evidence of multiple claws in ancestors of Pipidae 2.determine if the number of claws is heritable 3.test whether other these males have any other adaptive traits 4.test whether males with no claws are able to matearrow_forwardSome worms eat at night (meaning they are nocturnal) and some worms eat during the day (meaning they are diurnal.) Most birds eat only during the day, so they are only eating diurnal worms, due to the fact that the nocturnal worms are burrowing during this time. Each spring when the worms reproduce about 500 offspring are born but only 100 of them live long enough to reproduce themselves. Explain how natural selection will occur and include the 4 principals of natural selection.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
The Evolution of Populations: Natural Selection, Genetic Drift, and Gene Flow; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRWXEMlI0_U;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
The Evolution of Humans | Evolution | Biology | FuseSchool; Author: FuseSchool - Global Education;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vf_dDp7drFg;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY