Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20, Problem 3AQ
Global warming has been suggested to result in reduced transfer of oxygen to deeper waters in the ocean (Section 20.9). How might global warming also result in reduced nutrient availability to planktonic species in marine surface waters?
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Which of these statements describes an accurate model for how carbon dioxide and oxygen levels change within the ocean over time? Choose two answers that apply.
A) eutrophication of the ocean leads to an increase in dissolved oxygen.
B) photosynthesis by the phytoplankton increase the oxygen concentration of the ocean.
C) decomposition of dead organic matter decreases the oxygen concentration in the ocean.
D) cellular respiration by primary consumers increases the oxygen concentration in the ocean
E) anaerobic respiration at the ocean floor decreases the carbon dioxide levels in the ocean
38 39 40 41
Why can’t marine organisms use the nitrogen gas dissolved in seawater?
Chapter 20 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 1MQCh. 20.1 - Prob. 2MQCh. 20.1 - Prob. 3MQCh. 20.1 - How does a microbial population differ from a...Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 1CRCh. 20.2 - Prob. 1MQCh. 20.2 - What is a biogeochemical cycle? Give an example...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 1CRCh. 20.3 - Prob. 1MQCh. 20.3 - Prob. 2MQ
Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 1CRCh. 20.4 - Prob. 1MQCh. 20.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 20.4 - Prob. 3MQCh. 20.4 - Prob. 1CRCh. 20.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 20.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 20.5 - Prob. 1CRCh. 20.6 - Which phylum of Bacteria dominates bacterial...Ch. 20.6 - What factors govern the extent and type of...Ch. 20.6 - Prob. 3MQCh. 20.6 - In what soil horizon are microbial numbers and...Ch. 20.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 20.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 20.7 - Prob. 3MQCh. 20.7 - Prob. 1CRCh. 20.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 20.8 - Prob. 2MQCh. 20.8 - Prob. 3MQCh. 20.8 - Prob. 1CRCh. 20.9 - What did the Deepwater Horizon spill tell us about...Ch. 20.9 - Prob. 2MQCh. 20.9 - Why is release of sulfide from oxygen minimum...Ch. 20.10 - How does Ostreococcus differ from Prochlorococcus?...Ch. 20.10 - How does the organism Prochlorococcus contribute...Ch. 20.10 - How does Roseobacter differ from Prochlorococcus?Ch. 20.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 20.11 - What is proteorhodopsin and why is it so named?...Ch. 20.11 - Prob. 2MQCh. 20.11 - Prob. 3MQCh. 20.11 - Why are dilute culture media used for isolating...Ch. 20.11 - Prob. 1CRCh. 20.12 - Prob. 1MQCh. 20.12 - What molecular adaptations are found in...Ch. 20.12 - Prob. 1CRCh. 20.13 - Prob. 1MQCh. 20.13 - Prob. 2MQCh. 20.13 - What alternative sources of energy are suggested...Ch. 20.13 - Deep-sea sediments show decreasing nutrient levels...Ch. 20.14 - How does a warm hydrothermal vent differ from a...Ch. 20.14 - Prob. 2MQCh. 20.14 - Prob. 3MQCh. 20.14 - Would you expect to find the same types of...Ch. 20 - Prob. 1AQCh. 20 - Prob. 2AQCh. 20 - Global warming has been suggested to result in...
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- Explain the "phosphate trap" in the estuary of Chesapeake Bay. Why was a local ban on phosphorus in detergents not particularly helpful in mitigating eutrophication in the estuary?arrow_forwardHow does the ocean remove carbon dioxide from Earth’s atmosphere? What role do tiny marine organisms, such as foraminifera, play in the removal of carbon dioxide?arrow_forwardDescribe at least one adaptation that allows a) planktonic organisms such as diatoms or jellyfish to stay in the photo zone (where light penetrates the water), and b) marine birds to thrive in the salt marsh/tidal environment.arrow_forward
- The pelagic zone of the ocean is the area of the ocean that is neither close to the bottom nor close to land. There are a wide variety of organisms that inhabit the pelagic zone. Phytoplankton float along the surface, using photosynthesis to produce food. Zooplankton are tiny organisms that float in the surface waters and feed on the abundant phytoplankton. Krill, small crustaceans, also feed on phytoplankton. They display vertical migration in which they swim at deeper depths during the day and then come up to the surface waters at night to eat. What is the relationship between zooplankton and krill? a) Symbiosis b) Competition c) Parasitism d) Commensalism e) Mutualismarrow_forwardWhy are organisms in the abyssal zone of the ocean necessarily halophilic, psychrophilic, barophilic, and anaerobic?arrow_forwardDuring the summer of 2015 a harmful algal bloom took place off thecoast of Central California. In the weeks and months that followed,officials banned the sale of clams, oysters, and crabs, and several sealions in the area were found sick or dead. How do these events relateto one another?arrow_forward
- The graphs show how the cloudiness of the water at two different sites varied over a period of one year. Site A had a low nitrate concentration. Site B had a high nitrate concentration. (i) Describe and explain the effect of increased nitrate concentration on algal growth. (ii) Algae do not live long. Explain why the presence of large numbers of algae results in a fall in the amount of oxygen dissolved in the water. (iii) There are very few submerged water plants at Site B. Use (iii) the graphs to suggest how placing a speed limit on boats might allow submerged water plants to become re-established at Site B.arrow_forwardIn the ocean, most organisms rely directly or indirectly on _________ as a food source. Question 9 options: A) microscopic shellfish B) yeast C) phytoplankton D) parasitesarrow_forwardThe chemical representation of algae is C106H263O110N16P. The Gulf of Mexico contains 0.2 mg/L of nitrogen and 0.08 mg/L of phosphorus. a.Which is the limiting nutrient for algal growth in the water? Assume all other nutrients are abundant. b.What will be the mass of algae produced per liter of water (mg/L) in an algal bloom? c.If the nitrogen source is reduced by 50%, would the algae production also decrease by half? d.If the phosphorus source is reduced by 50%, would the algae production also decrease by half?arrow_forward
- Why is evaporation important for many intertidal animals? In which intertidal animals is evaporation important?arrow_forwardWhich among A-D is not a step in the eutrophication process? A) O rapid growth of algae and cyanobacteria B) O influx of excess nutrients to an aquatic environment, particularly nitrogen and phosphorous C) O heterotrophic, aerobic respiration D) O eventual increase in the numbers of fish and other aquatic life due to the rise m oxygen concentration of the water E) OA-D are all a part of eutrophicationarrow_forwardWhat determine what molecule will act as the predominant electron acceptor in a sediment layer? a. the electron acceptor with the LOWEST energy will predominate b. the electron acceptor with the HIGHEST energy will predominate c. Oxygen is always the electron acceptorarrow_forward
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