(a) Calculate the change in entropy when 1.00 kg of water at 100°C is vaporized and converted to steam at 100°C (see Table 174). (b) Compare your answer to the change in entropy when 1.00 kg of ice is melted at 0°C. calculated in Example 20.5 (Section 20.7). Is the change in entropy greater for melting or for vaporization? Interpret your answer using the idea that entropy is a measure of the randomness of a system.
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- (a) What is the change in entropy if you start with 10 coins in the 5 heads and 5 tails macrostate, toss them, and get 2 heads and 8 tails? (b) How much more likely is 5 heads and 5 tails than 2 heads and 8 tails? (Take the ratio of the number of microstates to find out.) (c) If you were betting on 2 heads and 8 tails would you accept odds of 252 to 45? Explain Why or why not. Table 15.5 10Coin Toss MacrostateNumber of Microstates (W) Heads Tails 10 0 1 9 1 10 8 2 45 7 3 120 6 4 210 5 5 252 4 6 210 3 7 120 2 8 45 1 9 10 0 10 1 Total: 1024arrow_forwardAn ideal gas is taken from an initial temperature Ti to a higher final temperature Tf along two different reversible paths as shown in Figure 21.15. Path A is at constant pressure, and path B is at constant volume. What is the relation between the entropy changes of the gas for these paths? (a) SA SB (b) SA = SB (c) SA SB Figure 21.15 (Quick Quiz 21.5) An ideal gas is taken from temperature Ti to Tf via two different paths.arrow_forwardUse a PV diagram such as the one in Figure 22.2 (page 653) to figure out how you could modify an engine to increase the work done.arrow_forward
- What can be said about the total entropy of the universe? Why is it true?arrow_forwardA cylinder contains 500 g of helium at 120 atm and 20 . The valve is leaky, and all the gas slowly escapes isothermally into the atmosphere. Use the results of the preceding problem to determine the resulting change in entropy of the universe.arrow_forwardA sealed container holding 0.500 kg of liquid nitrogen at its boiling point of 77.3 K is placed in a large room at 21.0C. Energy is transferred from the room to the nitrogen as the liquid nitrogen boils into a gas and then warms to the rooms temperature. (a) Assuming the rooms temperature remains essentially unchanged at 21.0C, calculate the energy transferred from the room to the nitrogen. (b) Estimate the change in entropy of the room. Liquid nitrogen has a latent heat of vaporization of 2.01 105 J/kg. The specific heat of N2 gas at constant pressure is CN2 = 1.04 103J/kg K.arrow_forward
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