Sustainable Energy
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781337551663
Author: DUNLAP, Richard A.
Publisher: Cengage,
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Chapter 20, Problem 19P
To determine
Find the carbon footprint in the units of
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An average American consumes approximately 105 kJ of energy per day. The average life expectancy of an American is 77.9 years.
How much coal would need to be burned to provide enough energy to meet a person's energy demands if the efficiency of energy production from coal is 38%?
☐g coal
Problem 10
A homeowner is trying to decide between a high-efficiency natural gas furnace with an efficiency of 95
percent and a ground-source heat pump with a COP of 3.3. The unit costs of electricity and natural gas are
$0.112/kWh and $1.44/therm (1 therm = 105, 500 kJ). Determine which system will have a lower energy
cost.
1) Heating the water in a 55-gallon water heater requires about 2.0 x 103 kJ of energy.
a) Assume the energy came from natural gas with 80% efficiency; how many grams of natural gas are required?
b) Assume the energy came from electricity with 80% efficiency and that the electricity was produced from the combustion of coal with 30% efficiency; how many grams of coal are required?
For problem above, calculate how much CO2 in grams is emitted to the atmosphere.
For a: Use the balanced equation for the combustion of methane (CH4) to determine how many grams of CO2are produced from the amount of natural gas required.
For b: Assume that coal produces 5.25 kJ of energy per gram of CO2 produced. Calculate how much CO2 in grams is produced.
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- Consider a 400-MW, 32 percent efficient coal-fired power plant that uses cooling water withdrawn from a nearby river (with an upstream flow of 10-m3/s and temperature 20 °C) to take care of waste heat. The heat content of the coal is 8,000 Btu/lb, the carbon content is 60% by mass, and the sulfur content is 2% by mass. How much electricity (in kWh/yr) would the plant produce each year? How many pounds per hour of coal would need to be burned at the plant? Estimate the annual carbon emissions from the plant (in metric tons C/year). If the cooling water is only allowed to rise in temperature by 10 °C, what flow rate (in m3/s) from the stream would be required? What would be the river temperature if all the waste heat was transferred to the river water assuming no heat losses during transfer? Estimate the hourly SO2 emissions (in kg/h) from the plant assuming that all the sulfur is oxidized to SO2 during combustion.arrow_forward4. The human heart pumps the average adult's 6.0 liters (6000 cm3) of blood through the body every minute. The heart must do work to overcome frictional forces that resist blood flow. The average blood pressure is 1.3x104 N/m² a) How much work does the heart do to move the 6.0 liters of blood completely through the body? b) What power output must the have to do this task once a minute? Hint: When the heart contracts, it applies a force to the blood. Pressure is force/area. Model the circulatory system as a single closed tube, with crosssectional area A and volume V=6.0 liters, filled with blood to which the heart applies a force.arrow_forwardA 1000 MW coal fired power plant (30% efficiency). The coal is 75% carbon and has a heat content of 10, 000 BTU/lb. What is the carbon emission (ton carbon per year)?A 1000 MW natural gas plant (45% efficiency). The gas is CH4 with a heat content 800 BTU/mol. What is the carbon emission (ton carbon per year)?Calculate carbon emission reduction if the above natural gas plant is used to replace the coal fired plant.(Here ton is metric ton, 1 ton=2,200 lb)arrow_forward
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