21st Century Astronomy
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780393428063
Author: Kay
Publisher: NORTON
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Chapter 20, Problem 13QP
To determine
The observational evidence that does not distinguish halo stars from disk stars.
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4. Suppose we observe a binary star system in which one star is much more massive than the other
and both are on the main sequence. We measure that the smaller star orbits the larger at a
distance of 10¹3 m with a speed of 10 m/s.
a. What is the mass of the larger star?
b. Which star has a higher luminosity?
c. Which has a larger radius?
d. Which is hotter?
Which of the following is wrong?
A. Tidal effects in a binary star system become more important when one or both stars become giant stars.
B. There is no fusion occurring in the core of a low-mass red giant star.
C. Gold (the element) is produced during the supernova explosions of high-mass stars.
D. Suppose the star Betelgeuse were to become a supernova tomorrow, we'd see by naked eyes a cloud of gas expanding away from the position where Betelgeuse used to be. Over a period of a few weeks, this cloud would fill a large part of our sky.
The period–luminosity relation is useful in determining
a.
the mass of a star for which the distance is known.
b.
the temperature of a star for which we know the luminosity.
c.
the radius of the bulge of our galaxy.
d.
the distance to globular clusters that contain Cepheid variables.
e.
the mass of the Milky Way Galaxy.
Chapter 20 Solutions
21st Century Astronomy
Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 20.1CYUCh. 20.2 - Prob. 20.2CYUCh. 20.3 - Prob. 20.3CYUCh. 20.4 - Prob. 20.4CYUCh. 20 - Prob. 1QPCh. 20 - Prob. 2QPCh. 20 - Prob. 3QPCh. 20 - Prob. 4QPCh. 20 - Prob. 5QPCh. 20 - Prob. 6QP
Ch. 20 - Prob. 7QPCh. 20 - Prob. 8QPCh. 20 - Prob. 9QPCh. 20 - Prob. 10QPCh. 20 - Prob. 11QPCh. 20 - Prob. 12QPCh. 20 - Prob. 13QPCh. 20 - Prob. 14QPCh. 20 - Prob. 15QPCh. 20 - Prob. 16QPCh. 20 - Prob. 17QPCh. 20 - Prob. 18QPCh. 20 - Prob. 19QPCh. 20 - Prob. 20QPCh. 20 - Prob. 21QPCh. 20 - Prob. 22QPCh. 20 - Prob. 23QPCh. 20 - Prob. 24QPCh. 20 - Prob. 25QPCh. 20 - Prob. 26QPCh. 20 - Prob. 27QPCh. 20 - Prob. 28QPCh. 20 - Prob. 29QPCh. 20 - Prob. 30QPCh. 20 - Prob. 31QPCh. 20 - Prob. 32QPCh. 20 - Prob. 33QPCh. 20 - Prob. 34QPCh. 20 - Prob. 35QPCh. 20 - Prob. 36QPCh. 20 - Prob. 37QPCh. 20 - Prob. 38QPCh. 20 - Prob. 39QPCh. 20 - Prob. 40QPCh. 20 - Prob. 41QPCh. 20 - Prob. 42QPCh. 20 - Prob. 43QPCh. 20 - Prob. 44QPCh. 20 - Prob. 45QP
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- The gas and dust cocoon surrounding young stars a. is blown away when the young stellar surface heats up and becomes more luminous. b. remains surrounding the young star throughout its adult life. c. eventually collapses onto the star, increasing its mass and luminosity. d. evaporates gradually over the lifetime of the star. e. expands as the star’s luminosity increases eventually reaching a distance far enough that it condenses to form comets.arrow_forwardThe hydrogen lines in spectral type A stars a. are most narrow for supergiants. b. are most narrow for main-sequence stars. c. cannot be used to estimate the luminosity of the star. d. are very weak and difficult to see. e. are useful in determining the apparent magnitude of the star.arrow_forward. The spectrum of Star A peaks at 700 nm. The spectrum of Star B peaks at 470 nm. We know nothing about what stage of stellar evolution either of these stars are in. Which of the following are true? A. Star A has a higher luminosity than Star B. B. Star B has a higher luminosity than Star A. C. Star A is cooler than Star B. D. Not enough information to comment on their luminosities. E. B and C F. C and Darrow_forward
- Star clusters are important to our study of stars because a. all stars formed in star clusters. b. the sun was once a member of a globular cluster. c. they give us a method to test our theories and models of stellar evolution. d. they are the only objects that contain Cepheid variables. e. all of the above are true.arrow_forwardIf the stars Betelgeuse and Rigel each have the same luminosity, but the temperature of Betelgeuse is lower than Rigel, which star has the greater surface area? O A. Betelgeuse B. Rigel O C. They are the same size. OD. There is insufficient information to answer this question.arrow_forward3. Brown dwarfs are ____. a. stars with a very thick dust sphere around them, so they appear “brown” b. low mass M type stars with hundreds of planets c. an anomaly because they are extremely small but have relatively high temperature d. protostars that could not ignite the fusion of hydrogen at their core e. has a surface temperature of 2500 K by fusing hydrogen I asked this question onece already, but the answer I got said the answer was C because "AT 2700K THEY ARE HOT" or something to that effect. I tried to find a way to reply to that thread. My argument was that even if brown dwarfs were 2700k (and my book says that's closer to the temperature of red dwarfs and that brown dwarfs are usually around 1000K). Seeing that we are studying the life cycle and evolution of all stars, wouldn't either of those temperatures be on the relatively COOL side of all star temperatures? Wouldn't the most appropriate answer be D.?arrow_forward
- There is a mass–luminosity relation because a. hydrogen fusion produces helium. b. stars expand when they become giants. c. stars support their weight by making energy. d. the helium flash occurs in degenerate matter. e. all stars on the main sequence have about the same radius.arrow_forwardA group of 10 to 100 stars that formed at the same time but are so widely scattered in space their mutual gravity cannot hold them together is called a. a globular cluster. b. an open cluster. c. an association. d. a spherical component e. an accretion disk.arrow_forwardWhich of the following binary star systems cannot exist? A. A 1 solar-mass main sequence star and a 4 solar mass red giant with a size 100 times smaller than the orbital distance. B. A 15 solar-mass main sequence star and a 10 solar mass red giant with a size 100 times smaller than the orbital distance. C. A 1 solar-mass main sequence star and a 4 solar-mass main sequence star. D. A 2 solar-mass main sequence star and a 1 solar mass red giant with a size a few times smaller than the orbital distance.arrow_forward
- A group of graduate students, bored during a cloudy night at a the observatory, begin to make bets about the time different stars will take to evolve. If they have a cluster of stars which were all born roughly the same time, and want to know which star will become a red giant first, which of the following stars should they bet on? a. a star that would type O on the main sequence star b. a star about 1/2 the mass of our sun c. a star about 8% the mass of our sun d. all stars reach the red giant stage in roughly the same number of yearsarrow_forwardAbsorption lines produced by interstellar gas a. are wider than the lines from stars because the gas is hotter than most stars. b. are more narrow than the lines from stars because the gas has a lower pressure than stars. c. indicate that the interstellar medium contains dust. d. indicate that the interstellar medium is expanding away from the sun. e. indicate nothing; none of the above statements are true.arrow_forwardThe total mass of a binary system can be calculated from a. the ratio of the angular separation from the center of mass of each of the stars. b. the distance to the binary and its radial velocity. c. the semi major axis and period of the orbit. d. the radial velocities of the two stars. e. the time required for the small star to eclipse the larger star.arrow_forward
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