BASIC BIOMECHANICS
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781259913877
Author: Hall
Publisher: RENT MCG
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 2, Problem 4IP
Select a familiar animal. Does the animal move in the same major reference planes in which humans move? What are the major differences in the movement patterns of this animal and the movement patterns of humans?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Muscle Physiology
Some skeletal muscle fibers are “fast-twitch” fibers (white fibers), and others are “slow-twitch” (red) fibers. Would you expect an athlete proficient in running the 100-yard dash to have a greater proportion of red fibers or white fibers in muscles of the leg? Why?
Define the following:
Maximal stimulus
Threshold stimulus
Submaximal stimulus
A skeletal muscle can be stimulated, under laboratory conditions, with a supramaximal stimulus. Is it possible for the muscle to respond with a supramaximal contraction? Explain
Define a motor unit. Of what physiological advantage is a small motor unit arrangement in skeletal muscle?
Explain why a latent period is observed between the application of a stimulus and contraction of the stimulated muscle.
Explain, giving two causative factors, why skeletal muscle displays fatigue.
Does complete or incomplete tetanus occur physiologically? Explain.
Define the following:
Isometric contraction
Isotonic contraction
Optimum length…
In making maximal-effort arm movements (e.g., throwing, striking, projecting an object as far and fast as possible), why do humans often generate muscle force in a sequential pattern, starting from the trunk muscles, moving outward down the arm, and ending with the hand muscles—like a whip?
Vhat are the two types of muscle movement categories? Give an example for both.
Describe Swammerdam's experiment and Galvani's experiment with frog legs. What did they tell us about muscle
contraction?
What is the sliding-filament model for muscle contraction? Describe the role of actin and myosin of sarcomeres in
the model (be specific).
Describe how an action potential triggers muscle contraction. Know the specific molecules involved.
. Describe the structural and functional differences between smooth, cardiac and skeletal muscles. What are the
three types of skeletal muscle fibers and how do they differ in structure and function?
Next
« Previous
MacBook Pro
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, bioengineering and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Explain various types of movement with example?arrow_forwardWhat are the two types of muscle movement categories? Give an example for both. E. Describe Swammerdam's experiment and Galvani's experiment with frog legs. What did they tell us about muscl contraction? 3. What is the sliding-filament model for muscle contraction? Describe the role of actin and myosin of sarcomeres in the model (be specific). 4. Describe how an action potential triggers muscle contraction. Know the specific molecules involved. 5. Describe the structural and functional differences between smooth, cardiac and skeletal muscles. What are the three types of skeletal muscle fibers and how do they differ in structure and function? Next « Previous MacBook Proarrow_forwardMuscle Contraction In an experiment, the strength of a neural stimulus and the resulting muscle contraction are compared. A single motor neuron that synapses with one muscle fibre is observed in this experiment. One end of the muscle fibre is attached to a mass. The following data were obtained from the experiment. Analyze the data and answer the following questions. Number of Trials Strength of Stimulus (mV) Mass Lifted by Muscle Contraction (g) 1 20 2 40 3 60 50 4 80 50 100 Not Tested 120 50 *note that the voltage applied is positive in order to raise potential from resting to threshold Identify the manipulated, responding and controlled variables in the experiment described above. Strength of Stimulus Number of Muscle Fibre Stimulated Mass Lifted by Muscle Contractionarrow_forward
- T or F. Motor signals originating in the cortex can't interfere with motor reflex response? T or F. Reflex functions are exclusive only for responses within the level of the spinal cord? T or F. Internuerons can simultaneously inhibit the transmission of nerve impulses into the antagonistic muscle on the ipsilateral side of the body and to the same muscle on the contralateral side of the body?arrow_forwardMyasthenia Gravis: flaccid paralysis Explain the physiologic basis of flaccid paralysis in myasthenia gravis.arrow_forwardSEQUENCING: Arrange the sequence of events that happen during an action of sensory and motor systems of animals. Assign numbers, I being the first event until 6 being the last. Write your answers in your notebook. 10. receptor potential 11. action potential in sensory neuron 12. production of action response 13. receptor transduces energy of stimulus into electrical energy 14. signal transmitted to CNS 15. stimulus (such as light energy)arrow_forward
- Co-activation of α and γ-motor neurons :-a- increases γ-motor neuron discharge whenever the activity of α-motor neurons rises to a high levelb- is mediated by interneurons that link the α and γ-motor neuronsc- maintains the proprioceptive information to higher centers during muscle contractiond- increases the α-motor neuron discharge whenever the activity of γ-motor neurons rises to a high levelarrow_forwardExplain why α‒γ coactivation is important for quality control of voluntary motions.arrow_forwardArticle: Effect of Patterned Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation on Vertical Jump in Collegiate Athletes This article presents research evidence regarding PENS (patterned electrical neuromuscular stimulation) and it’s effects on vertical jump of athletes. Please show a-e. a.) background b.) purpose c.) methods d.) results e.) conclusion Lastly, Reflect on the article. What did you learn? What made sense? What did you not understand or was confusing? What did you agree or disagree with? Do you have follow-up questions? How does this data apply to clinical practice? Will you clinically use this data?arrow_forward
- What are the two types of muscle movement categories? Give an example for both. Describe Swammerdam's experiment and Galvani's experiment with frog legs. What did they tell us about muscle contraction? . What is the sliding-filament model for muscle contraction? Describe the role of actin and myosin of sarcomeres in the model (be specific). 4. Describe how an action potential triggers muscle contraction. Know the specific molecules involved. 5. Describe the structural and functional differences between smooth, cardiac and skeletal muscles. What are the three types of skeletal muscle fibers and how do they differ in structure and function? Next « Previous MacBook Proarrow_forwardFirst, explain how resting membrane potential is established in terms of ion concentration and electric charge. Next, explain the process of neural signal transmission from an alpha motor neuron to the muscle fiber. Do this by explaining how an AP is generated (ions and membrane proteins) at the neuron, how the signal is propagated, what happens at the axon terminal, what happens at the motor endplate, and explain all the molecular events that occur to cause muscle contraction.arrow_forwardMovementKnow the components of the motor control system What are the components of the motor control system? Intro to neuroscience College-level Please provide some pictures and visual explanations to these concepts. I need a visual answer and not just an essay. So, the explanation must include diagrams of the relevant component of the motor control system.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Basic BiomechanicsBioengineeringISBN:9780073522760Author:Susan J HallPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Basic Biomechanics
Bioengineering
ISBN:9780073522760
Author:Susan J Hall
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
GCSE PE - ANTAGONISTIC MUSCLE ACTION - Anatomy and Physiology (Skeletal and Muscular System - 1.5); Author: igpe_complete;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6hm_9jQRoO4;License: Standard Youtube License