What Is Life? A Guide to Biology with Physiology
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781319065447
Author: Jay Phelan
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 2, Problem 3SA
Summary Introduction
To review:
Why a H2 molecule is more stable than a single hydrogen atom.
Introduction:
A hydrogen atom has a single proton and a single electron.
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Why are hydrogen bonds relatively weak?
The “octet rule” in chemistry helps predict the types of bonds thatatoms will form. In general, an atom will be most stable if it fills itsouter shell of 8 electrons. Atoms with fewer than 4 valence electronstend to donate electrons and those with more than 4 valence electronstend to accept additional electrons; those with exactly 4 can do both.Using this rule, determine what category each of the followingelements falls into: N, S, C, P, O, H, Ca, Fe, and Mg. (You will needto work out the valence of the atoms.)
What is the Electron Geometry of a AB2C molecule?
tetrahedral
trigonal planar
trigonal pyramidal
bent
Chapter 2 Solutions
What Is Life? A Guide to Biology with Physiology
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- Why are hydrogen bonds so important in biological systems, considering that they are so weak?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is correct regarding polar/nonpolar molecules? 1. Molecules comprised of nonpolar covalent bonds are likely to be hydrophilic 2. Polar molecules like sugar tend to dissolve in solutions of other polar molecules like water 3. Nonpolar molecules like sugar tend to dissolve in solutions of polar molecules like water 4. Polar covalent bonds tend to form between molecules that consist of two atoms of the same element, like oxygen gas (O2) or nitrogen gas (N2)arrow_forwardExplain why two atoms of hydrogen tend to combine into a molecule of hydrogen gas (H2).arrow_forward
- A water (H20) molecules isarrow_forwardIn H2O how many hydrogen (h) atoms are presentarrow_forwardWhen hydrogen covalently bonds to carbon it creates a nonpolar bond. However, when hydrogen covalently bonds to oxygen it creates a polar bond. What is a polar covalent bond, and why does it occur between hydrogen and oxygen, but not hydrogen and carbon?arrow_forward
- Many molecules are polar, yet they do not form significanthydrogen bonds. What is so unusual about water thathydrogen bonding becomes possible?arrow_forwardWhich of the following makes water a liquid at room temperature? a) Noncovalent interactions b) Hydrogen bonds between water molecules c) Van der Waals forces of attraction d) Covalent bondingarrow_forwardWhich of the following is a hydroxide ion? H3O + H + H2O - OH -arrow_forward
- What kinds of bonds often control the shape (or tertiary form) of large molecules such as proteins? a. hydrogen b. ionic c. covalent d. inert e. singlearrow_forwardOxygen (O) is a(n) _______; the oxygen we breathe (O2) is a(n) _______; and the carbon dioxide we exhale is a(n) _______. a. compound; molecule; element b. atom; compound; element c. element; atom; molecule d. atom; element; molecule e. element; molecule; compoundarrow_forwardIonic and covalent bonds join atoms into molecules. What do hydrogen bonds do?arrow_forward
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