Interpretation:
Among
Concept Introduction:
Molecular orbital diagram is a linear combination of atomic orbitals of similar energy and similar symmetry. It is formed by the proper overlap of the atomic orbitals.
There are 3 types of molecular orbitals as follows:
1. Bonding molecular orbital: They are formed by the constructive interference of atomic orbitals and electrons in it stabilize the molecule and are of lesser in energy.
2. Antibonding molecular orbital: This type of orbitals increases the energy of molecule and destabilizes it and weakens the bond between the atoms.
3. Non-bonding molecular orbital: These types of orbitals have energy similar to atomic orbitals that is addition or removal of electron does not change the energy of molecule.
The order of energy in molecular orbital follows two rules as follows:
1. For
2. For atomic number more than 14 order of energy is,
Electron affinity is the energy released when electron is added to gaseous atom or molecule to give negative ion.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 2 Solutions
CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES (LL) W/ACCESS
- Draw Lewis electron dot diagrams for the following species: (a) methane; (b) carbon dioxide; (c) phosphorus trichloride; (d) perchlorate ionarrow_forwardIn particular, I'd appreciate help with part b of the problem. How does one compare the bond energies between identical elements if they don't have a chart with the numbers in front of them?arrow_forwardCommon exceptions to the octet rule are compounds and polyatomic ions with central atoms having more than 8 electrons around them. Phosphorus pentafluoride, PF5; sulfur tetrafluoride, SF4; xenon tetrafluoride, XeF4; and tri-iodide ion, I3, are all examples of exceptions to the octet rule. (a) Draw the Lewis structures of these substances.(b) For which elements in these substances can theatoms have more than 8 electrons around them?(c) How can the atoms of the elements youidentified in Part (b) be surrounded by morethan 8 electrons?arrow_forward
- 1- The following chemical reaction takes place in an aqueous solution: FeBr2 (aq) + 2KOH (aq) → Fe(OH)2 (s) + 2KBr (aq) Write the net ionic equation for this reaction. 2- Draw the Lewis structure for ethane (C2H6). Be certain you include any lone pairs. 3-Predict the products of the reaction below. That is, complete the right-hand side of the chemical equation. Be sure your equation is balanced. HBr + Ca(OH)2 → 4-A chemistry student needs 25.0 g of methyl acetate for an experiment. By consulting the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, the student discovers that the density of methyl acetate is 0.934 g *cm-3. Calculate the volume of methyl acetate the student should pour out. Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits. ____________mL 5- NASA communicates with the Space Shuttle and International Space Station using Ku-band microwave radio. Suppose NASA transmits a microwave signal to the Space Shuttle using radio…arrow_forwardThe average bond enthalpies of the C¬F and C¬Cl bonds are 485 kJ/mol and 328 kJ/mol, respectively. (a) What is the maximum wavelength that a photon can possess and still have sufficient energy to break the C ¬ F and C ¬ Clbonds, respectively?arrow_forwardIf an element is bonded to 4 other atoms and has a formal charge of +1, what group must the element be in? I know that group 3A atoms are elctron deficient, and that period 3 elements and below, except for group 3A elements like Aluminum, can expand their octet because of their available d-orbital, which may not be relevant to this problem. I don't understand this question, or why the answer would be 5A. Is it because 5A have odd valence electrons, and can form free radicals, like NO?arrow_forward
- There are two main types of covalent bond breakage. In ho-molytic breakage , each atom in the bond gets one of the shared electrons. In some cases, the electronega-tivity of adjacent atoms affects the bond energy. In heterolytic breakage, one atom gets both electrons and the other gets none;thus, a cation and an anion form. (a) Why is the C−C bond in H₃C−CF₃(423 kJ/mol) strongerthan that in H₃C−CH₃(376 kJ/mol)?(b) Use bond energy and any other data to calculate the heat ofreaction for the heterolytic cleavage of O₂.arrow_forwardWrite the ground-state electron configuration for each atomand ion pair-Zr, Zr2+, Co, Co2+, Tc, Tc3+, Os, Os4+?arrow_forward19. :O: || :0-N- O: Which of the following statements, if true, would support the claim that the NO3 ion, represented above, has three resonance structures? (A) The NO3 ion is not a polar species. (B) The oxygen-to-nitrogen-to-oxygen bond angles are 90°. (C) One of the bonds in NO3 is longer than the other two. (D) One of the bonds in NO3¯ is shorter than the other two.arrow_forward
- Write the electron configuration for each of the following ions and determine which one possess noble-gas configurations: (a) Sr2+; (b) Ti2+; (c) Se2-; (d) Ni2+; (e) Br-; (f) Mn3+.arrow_forwardOrtho-Dichlorobenzene, C6H4Cl2, is obtained when two ofthe adjacent hydrogen atoms in benzene are replaced withCl atoms. A skeleton of the molecule is shown here. (a) Completea Lewis structure for the molecule using bonds andelectron pairs as needed. (b) Are there any resonance structuresfor the molecule? If so, sketch them. (c) Are the resonancestructures in (a) and (b) equivalent to one another asthey are in benzene?arrow_forwardOrtho-Dichlorobenzene, C6H4Cl2, is obtained when two ofthe adjacent hydrogen atoms in benzene are replaced withCl atoms. A skeleton of the molecule is shown here. (a) Completea Lewis structure for the molecule using bonds andelectron pairs as needed. (b) Are there any resonance structuresfor the molecule? If so, sketch them. (c) Are the resonancestructures in (a) and (b) equivalent to one another asthey are in benzene?arrow_forward
- General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage Learning