Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 2, Problem 25QP
We are following the progress of human chromosome 1 during meiosis. At the end of prophase I, how many chromosomes, chromatids, and centromeres are present to ensure that chromosome 1 faithfully traverses meiosis?
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During metaphase I of meiosis, tetrads align along the metaphase plate independently of each other. Therefore, there is a random “shuffle” of maternal and paternal chromosomes in the resulting gametes.The following diagram demonstrates how this works in a diploid cell with four chromosomes (2n=4) . Because there are two pairs of chromosomes and each pair can align in one of two ways during metaphase I, the number of possible variations in the gametes produced is 22 or 4.For an organism that is , there are three pairs of chromosomes, so the number of possible variations in the gametes produced due to independent assortment in metaphase I is 23 or 8.
In an organism with a haploid number of 7, how many possible combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes can occur in its gametes?
a. 72=49
b. 27=128
c.17=1
d. 214=16 384
A diploid cell has 4C genetic material and 16 chromosomes at the start of cell division. Identify the:
(1) no. of chromosome per cell at S phase
(2) no. of pairs of homologous chromosomes per cell at Metaphase 1
(3) no. of chromosomes per cell at Anaphase 1
(4) amount of genetic material per cell after Meiosis 2
(5) amount of genetic material per cell after Meiosis 1
A diploid cell has 15 picograms of DNA in G₁ phase. If this cell is a germ line cell that undergoes meiosis, how much DNA will each daughter cell contain at the end of
meiosis I? How much DNA will each daughter cell contain at the end of meiosis II?
MI = 30 pg: MII = 15 pg
O MI = 15 pg; MII = 15 pg
MI = 7.5 pg; MII = 15 pg
O MI = 15 pg: MII = 7.5 pg
Chapter 2 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 2 - Prob. 1CSCh. 2 - Prob. 2CSCh. 2 - Prob. 3CSCh. 2 - Cell Structure Reflects Function What advantages...Ch. 2 - Assign a function(s) to the following cellular...Ch. 2 - How many autosomes are present in a body cell of a...Ch. 2 - Define the following terms: a. chromosome b....Ch. 2 - Human haploid gametes (sperm and eggs) contain: a....Ch. 2 - Prob. 6QPCh. 2 - Prob. 7QP
Ch. 2 - In the cell cycle, at which stages do two...Ch. 2 - Does the cell cycle refer to mitosis as well as...Ch. 2 - It is possible that an alternative mechanism for...Ch. 2 - Identify the stages of mitosis, and describe the...Ch. 2 - Why is cell furrowing important in cell division?...Ch. 2 - A cell from a human female has just undergone...Ch. 2 - During which phases of the mitotic cycle would the...Ch. 2 - Describe the critical events of mitosis that are...Ch. 2 - Mitosis occurs daily in a human being. What type...Ch. 2 - Speculate on how the Hayflick limit may lead to...Ch. 2 - How can errors in the cell cycle lead to cancer in...Ch. 2 - List the differences between mitosis and meiosis...Ch. 2 - In the following diagram, designate each daughter...Ch. 2 - Which of the following statements is not true in...Ch. 2 - Match the phase of cell division with the...Ch. 2 - A cell has a diploid number of 6 (2n = 6). a. Draw...Ch. 2 - A cell (2n = 4) has undergone cell division....Ch. 2 - We are following the progress of human chromosome...Ch. 2 - What is physically exchanged during crossing over?Ch. 2 - Compare meiotic anaphase I with meiotic anaphase...Ch. 2 - Provide two reasons why meiosis leads to genetic...
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- If the amount (mass) of DNA in a diploid cell during G1 phase prior to meiosis I is 8 pg (picograms), how much DNA would be present in a daughter cell immediately following: A) meiosis I? B) meiosis II? (for your information, this cell will function as a gamete) HINT: Go through the process of meiosis one step at a time. DNA replication would double the amount of DNA in the cell, cell division divides the DNA into two daughter cells.arrow_forwardIn kangaroos, the somatic cells are diploid, having 22 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are present in each cell at metaphase II of meiosis?arrow_forwardin metaphase 1 of meiosis, the homologous chromosomes line up side by side along the equator so that crossing over can occur between the homologous pairs and the homologous chromosomes can be pulled to opposite poles during anaphase 1. in mitosis, by contrast, homologous chromosomes line up single file along the equator. what benefits are derived from these two different ways that homologous chromosomes are positioned at metaphase in meiosis and mitosis?arrow_forward
- During metaphase I of meiosis, tetrads align along the metaphase plate independently of each other. Therefore, there is a random “shuffle” of maternal and paternal chromosomes in the resulting gametes.The following diagram demonstrates how this works in a diploid cell with four chromosomes . Because there are two pairs of chromosomes and each pair can align in one of two ways during metaphase I, the number of possible variations in the gametes produced is , or .For an organism that is , there are three pairs of chromosomes, so the number of possible variations in the gametes produced due to independent assortment in metaphase I is , or . In an organism with a haploid number of , how many possible combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes can occur in its gametes? Select one: a. 72=49 b. 27=128 c.17=1 d. 214=16 384arrow_forwardMitosis produces 2 daughter cells that are identical to the starting cell. Explain how meíosis is different using this diagram to help you. 1) How many cells are created through meiosis? 2) Describe the chromosomes in each gamete at the end of meiosis? Are the set of chromosomes in a gamete identical to the starting cell like they are in mitosis? Are there the same number of chromosomes in each gamete as the starting cell? Starting cell's chromosomes: 1А, 1B, 2A, 2B Interphase After the S phase of interphase: 4 pairs of sister chromatids 1A 1A 1B 1B 2A 2A 2B 2B Meiosis has 2 rounds of cell division 1A, 1A, 1B, 1B, 2A 2B 2A 2B tv MacBook Air DII DD 80 888 F9 F10 F6 F7 F8 F4 F3 * #3 2$ % & 8 9 3 4 E T. Y F G J K * CO Rarrow_forwardIn humans, each cell normally contains a diploid (2n) chromosome number of 46. Say that a human body cell and sex cell will undergo mitosis and meiosis respectively, provide the number of chromosomes in each cell for every stage. Stage of Mitosis Number of Stages of Meiosis Number of Chromosomes in Chromosomes in One Cell One Cell Prophase 2n = Prophase 1 2n = Prometaphase 2n = Prometaphase 1 2n = Metaphase 2n = Metaphase 1 2n = Anaphase 2n = Anaphase 1 2n = Telophase and Cytokinesis Telophase 1 and Cytokinesis 2n = n = Prophase 2 Prometaphase 2 n = Metaphase 2 n = Anaphase 2 = u Telophase 2 and Cytokinesis n =arrow_forward
- Can somebody label mitosis and meiosis I/II in reference to whether the chromosomes are diploid or haploid? For example, after crossing over in prophase I, will metaphase I, anaphase I, and beyond just have diploids as chromosomes?arrow_forwardIf an organism has 15 pairs of homologous chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after telophase of mitosis? In this same organism, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after telophase II of meiosis?arrow_forwardA diploid organism produces four gametes from one parent cell through the process of meiosis. Two gametes are found to have 7 chromosomes and two gametes are found to have 5 chromosomes. A) Is this the expected number of chromosomes that would be found in each gamete following a normal cycle of meiosis? If yes, explain why. If no, explain why not and describe how the gamete situation described above occurred. B) Determine the number of homologous chromosome pairs that the original parent cell contained, before meiosis began. Explain how you determined this value.arrow_forward
- Human cells normally have 46 chromosomes. For each of the following stages, state the number of chromosomes present in a human cell: 1. Metaphase of mitosis 2. Metaphase I of meiosis 3. Telophase of mitosis 4. Telophase I of meiosis Telophase II of meiosisarrow_forwardHuman somatic cells have 46 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are present in human cells undergoing each of the following phases of meiosis? Interphase - Answer: 0 2 3 4 6 9 2 Prophase I - Answer: 0 2 3 4 6 9 2 Prophase II - Answer: 0 2 3 4 6 9 2 Telophase I - Answer: 0 2 3 4 6 9 2 Telophase II - Answer: 0 2 3 4 6 9 2arrow_forwardimagine a giraffe whose diploid is 30. A) what # of chromosomes will be present in a somatic cell at prophase of mitosis? B) what will be the # of chromosomes present in a somatic cell at prophase 2 of meiosis?arrow_forward
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