Concept explainers
Journal entries and
Elite Realty acts as an agent in buying, selling, renting, and managing real estate. The unadjusted trial balance on March 31, 2016, follows:
Elite Realty Unadjusted Trial Balance March 31, 2016 |
|||
Debit Balances | Credit Balances | ||
11 | Cash | 26,300 | |
12 | 61,500 | ||
13 | Prepaid Insurance | 3,000 | |
14 | Office Supplies | 1,800 | |
16 | Land | — | |
21 | Accounts Payable | 14,000 | |
22 | Unearned Rent | — | |
23 | Notes Payable | — | |
31 | Common Stock | 10,000 | |
32 | 36,000 | ||
33 | Dividends | 2,000 | |
41 | Fees Earned | 240,000 | |
51 | Salary and Commission Expense | 148,200 | |
52 | Rent Expense | 30,000 | |
53 | Advertising Expense | 17,800 | |
54 | Automobile Expense | 5,500 | |
59 | Miscellaneous Expense | 3,900 | |
300,000 | 300,000 |
The following business transactions were completed by Elite Really during April 2016:
Apr. 1. | Paid rent on office for month, $6,500. |
2. | Purchased office supplies on account, $2,300. |
5. | Paid insurance premiums, $6,000. |
10. | Received cash from clients on account, $52,300. |
15. | Purchased land for a future building site for $200,000, paying $30,000 in cash and giving a note payable for the remainder. |
17. | Paid creditors on account, $6,450. |
20. | Returned a portion of the office supplies purchased on April 2, receiving full credit for their cost, $325. |
23. | Paid advertising expense, $4,300. |
Enter the following transactions on Page 19 of the two-column journal: | |
27. | Discovered an error in computing a commission; received cash from the salesperson for the overpayment, £2,500. |
28. | Paid automobile expense (including rental charges for an automobile), $1,500. |
29. | Paid miscellaneous expenses, $1,400. |
30. | Recorded revenue earned and billed to clients during the month, $57,000. |
30. | Paid salaries and commissions for the month, $11,900. |
30. | Paid dividends, $4,000. |
30. | Rented land purchased on April 15 to local merchants association for use as a parking lot in May and June, during a street rebuilding program; received advance payment of $10,000. |
Instructions
- 1. Record the April 1, 2016, balance of each account in the appropriate balance column of a four-column account, write Balance in the item section, and place a check mark (✓) in the Posting Reference column.
- 2. Journalize the transactions for April in a two-column journal beginning on Page 18.
Journal entry explanations may be omitted. - 3. Post to the ledger, extending the account balance to the appropriate balance column after each posting.
- 4. Prepare an unadjusted trial balance of the ledger as of April 30, 2016.
- 5. Assume that the April 30 transaction for salaries and commissions should have been $19,100. (a) Why did the unadjusted trial balance in (4) balance? (b) Journalize the correcting entry, (c) Is this error a transposition or slide?
(2) and (3)
Journal:
Journal is the book of original entry. Journal consists of the day today financial transactions in a chronological order. The journal has two aspects; they are debit aspect and the credit aspect.
Rules of debit and credit:
“An increase in an asset account, an increase in an expense account, a decrease in liability account, and a decrease in a revenue account should be debited.
Similarly, an increase in liability account, an increase in a revenue account and a decrease in an asset account, a decrease in an expenses account should be credited”.
T-account:
An account is referred to as a T-account, because the alignment of the components of the account resembles the capital letter ‘T’. An account consists of the three main components which are as follows:
- The title of the account
- The left or debit side
- The right or credit side
Unadjusted trial balance:
The unadjusted trial balance is the summary of all the ledger accounts that appears on the ledger accounts before making adjusting journal entries.
Transposition error:
At the time of posting a transaction when two digits of numbers are transposed, in such case the transposition error occurs.
To journalize: The transactions of April in a two column journal beginning on page 18.
Explanation of Solution
Journalize the transactions of April in a two column journal beginning on page 18.
Journal Page 18 | |||||
Date | Description | Post. Ref | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | |
2016 | Rent expense | 52 | 6,500 | ||
April | 1 | Cash | 11 | 6,500 | |
(To record the payment of rent) | |||||
2 | Office supplies | 14 | 2,300 | ||
Accounts payable | 21 | 2,300 | |||
(To record the purchase of supplies of account) | |||||
5 | Prepaid insurance | 13 | 6,000 | ||
Cash | 11 | 6,000 | |||
(To record the payment of insurance premium) | |||||
10 | Cash | 11 | 52,300 | ||
Accounts receivable | 12 | 52,300 | |||
(To record the receipt of cash from clients) | |||||
15 | Land | 16 | 200,000 | ||
Cash | 11 | 30,000 | |||
Notes payable | 23 | 170,000 | |||
(To record the purchase of land party for cash and party on signing a note) | |||||
17 | Accounts payable | 21 | 6,450 | ||
Cash | 11 | 6,450 | |||
(To record the payment made to creditors on account) | |||||
20 | Accounts payable | 21 | 325 | ||
Office supplies | 14 | 325 | |||
(To record the payment made to creditors on account) | |||||
23 | Advertising expense | 53 | 4,300 | ||
Cash | 11 | 4,300 | |||
(To record the payment of advertising expense) |
Table (1)
Journal Page 19 | |||||
Date | Description | Post. Ref | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | |
2016 | Cash | 11 | 2,500 | ||
April | 27 | Salary and commission expense | 51 | 2,500 | |
(To record the receipt of cash) | |||||
28 | Automobile expense | 54 | 1,500 | ||
Cash | 11 | 1,500 | |||
(To record the payment made for automobile expense) | |||||
29 | Miscellaneous expense | 59 | 1,400 | ||
Cash | 11 | 1,400 | |||
(To record the payment made for Miscellaneous expense) | |||||
30 | Accounts receivable | 12 | 57,000 | ||
Fees earned | 41 | 57,000 | |||
(To record the revenue earned and billed) | |||||
30 | Salary and commission expense | 51 | 11,900 | ||
Cash | 11 | 11,900 | |||
(To record the payment made for salary and commission expense) | |||||
30 | Dividends | 33 | 4,000 | ||
Cash | 11 | 4,000 | |||
(To record the payment of dividends) | |||||
30 | Cash | 11 | 10,000 | ||
Unearned rent | 22 | 10,000 | |||
(To record the cash received for the service yet to be provide) |
Table (2)
(1) and (3)
To record: The balance of each accounts in the appropriate balance column of a four-column account and post them to the ledger.
Explanation of Solution
Account: Cash Account no. 11 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
April | 1 |
|
✓ | 26,300 | |||
1 | 18 | 6,500 | 19,800 | ||||
5 | 18 | 6,000 | 13,800 | ||||
10 | 18 | 52,300 | 66,100 | ||||
15 | 18 | 30,000 | 36,100 | ||||
17 | 18 | 6,450 | 29,650 | ||||
23 | 18 | 4,300 | 25,350 | ||||
27 | 19 | 2,500 | 27,850 | ||||
28 | 19 | 1,500 | 26,350 | ||||
29 | 19 | 1,400 | 24,950 | ||||
30 | 19 | 11,900 | 13,050 | ||||
30 | 19 | 4,000 | 9,050 | ||||
30 | 19 | 10,000 | 19,050 |
Table (3)
Account: Accounts Receivable Account no. 12 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
April | 1 |
|
✓ | 61,500 | |||
10 | 18 | 52,300 | 9,200 | ||||
30 | 19 | 57,000 | 66,200 |
Table (4)
Account: Prepaid Insurance Account no. 13 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
April | 1 |
|
✓ | 3,000 | |||
5 | 18 | 6,000 | 9,000 |
Table (5)
Account: Office Supplies Account no. 14 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
April | 1 |
|
✓ | 1,800 | |||
2 | 18 | 2,300 | 4,100 | ||||
20 | 18 | 325 | 3,775 |
Table (6)
Account: Land Account no. 16 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
April | 15 | 18 | 200,000 | 200,000 |
Table (7)
Account: Accounts Payable Account no. 21 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
April | 1 |
|
✓ | 14,000 | |||
2 | 18 | 2,300 | 16,300 | ||||
17 | 18 | 6,450 | 9,850 | ||||
20 | 18 | 325 | 9,525 |
Table (8)
Account: Unearned Rent Account no. 22 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
April | 30 | 19 | 10,000 | 10,000 |
Table (9)
Account: Notes Payable Account no. 23 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
April | 15 | 18 | 170,000 | 170,000 |
Table (10)
Account: Common stock Account no. 31 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
April | 1 |
|
✓ | 10,000 |
Table (11)
Account: Dividends Account no. 33 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
April | 1 |
|
✓ | 2,000 | |||
30 | 19 | 4,000 | 6,000 |
Table (12)
Account: Fees earned Account no. 41 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
April | 1 |
|
✓ | 240,000 | |||
30 | 19 | 57,000 | 297,000 |
Table (13)
Account: Salary and commission expense Account no. 51 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
April | 1 |
|
✓ | 148,200 | |||
27 | 19 | 2,500 | 145,700 | ||||
30 | 19 | 11,900 | 157,600 |
Table (14)
Account: Rent expense Account no. 52 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
April | 1 |
|
✓ | 30,000 | |||
1 | 18 | 6,500 | 36,500 |
Table (15)
Account: Advertising expense Account no. 53 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
April | 1 |
|
✓ | 17,800 | |||
23 | 18 | 4,300 | 22,100 |
Table (16)
Account: Retained earnings Account no. 32 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
April | 1 |
|
✓ | 36,000 |
Table (17)
Account: Automobile expense Account no. 54 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
April | 1 |
|
✓ | 5,500 | |||
28 | 19 | 1,500 | 7,000 |
Table (18)
Account: Miscellaneous expense Account no. 59 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
April | 1 |
|
✓ | 3,900 | |||
29 | 19 | 1,400 | 5,300 |
Table (19)
(4)
To prepare: An unadjusted trial balance of Company E at April 30, 2016.
Explanation of Solution
Prepare an unadjusted trial balance of Company E at April 30, 2016 as follows:
Company E Unadjusted Trial Balance April 30, 2016 |
|||
Particulars | Account No. |
Debit $ | Credit $ |
Cash | 11 | 19,050 | |
Accounts receivable | 12 | 66,200 | |
Prepaid insurance | 13 | 9,000 | |
Office supplies | 14 | 3,775 | |
Land | 16 | 200,000 | |
Accounts payable | 21 | 9,525 | |
Unearned rent | 22 | 10,000 | |
Notes payable | 23 | 170,000 | |
Common stock | 31 | 10,000 | |
Retained earnings | 32 | 36,000 | |
Dividends | 33 | 6,000 | |
Fees earned | 41 | 297,000 | |
Salaries and commission expense | 51 | 157,600 | |
Rent expense | 52 | 36,500 | |
Advertising expense | 53 | 22,100 | |
Automobile expense | 54 | 7,000 | |
Miscellaneous expense | 59 | 5,3000 | |
Total | 532,525 | 532,525 |
Table (20)
(5)
To explain: Whether the unadjusted trial balance in (4) balance
Explanation of Solution
The unadjusted trial balance in (4) would still balance, since the debit equalized the credit in the original journal entry.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 2 Solutions
Bundle: Financial & Managerial Accounting, 13th + Working Papers, Volume 1, Chapters 1-15 For Warren/reeve/duchac’s Corporate Financial Accounting, ... 13th + Cengagenow™v2, 2 Terms Access Code
- Note: This option is incorrect $417,000. Please check the correct optionarrow_forwardI won't to this question answer financial accountingarrow_forwardWhat is a good response to? Under what circumstances do you believe using Data Analytics would significantly improve the auditing process and tax planning? Include examples. Data Analytics along with data visualization allow auditors to capture large datasets and easily and quickly illustrate patterns. Per Wilson and Dennis (2021), "Audit data analytics can analyze large datasets from clients to discern trend and anomalies and streamline audit processes to provide greater accuracy and overall audit quality". This can greatly improve an auditors understanding of a company's operations and risks. Auditors utilize Data Analytics to reduce their workload. Tools utilized for audit data analytics can be as simple as Excel for simple calculations on a spreadsheet to advance machine learning and AI models. Data Analytics can be applied throughout the audit process, from Audit Planning to Journal Entry Testing to Risk Assessment. If one were to compare risk assessment with a traditional…arrow_forward
- Given answer accounting questionsarrow_forwardWhat is the company's cash cycle for this accounting question?arrow_forwardWhat is a good response to? What stages of the audit process do you think Data Analytics can be the most useful and why? How might Data Analytics be used to assist in tax planning? All processes can benefit from data analytics. Data analytics has transformed the auditing process to make them more efficient, more accurate and helps to provide more insights into the financials. Data analytics can help to provide information regarding a business and its operations. It can bring light to potential risks the company might have and help to guide auditors in how to address these items in their audit. Data analytics can also help to identify key areas that need to be reviewed. Benford's Law is a great example of how data analytics can be used in the auditing process. This is where the first digit of the data sets are analyzed (Colins, 2017). A great example might be as follows, it is common knowledge that banks need to report cash transactions of over $10,000. In order to avoid that, a person…arrow_forward
- Need general account answerarrow_forwardCarla Vista Co. sells coffee beans, which are sensitive to price fluctuations. The following inventory information is available for this product at December 31, 2017: Coffee Bean Units Unit Cost Market Market Coffea arabica 12,000 bags $ 5.90 $ 5.87 Coffea robusta 5,000 bags 3.40 3.50 Calculate Tascon's inventory by applying the lower-of-cost-or-market basis.arrow_forwardNeed answer the accounting question not use ai and chatgptarrow_forward
- Cornerstones of Financial AccountingAccountingISBN:9781337690881Author:Jay Rich, Jeff JonesPublisher:Cengage LearningFinancial AccountingAccountingISBN:9781305088436Author:Carl Warren, Jim Reeve, Jonathan DuchacPublisher:Cengage LearningCollege Accounting, Chapters 1-27 (New in Account...AccountingISBN:9781305666160Author:James A. Heintz, Robert W. ParryPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Financial Accounting: The Impact on Decision Make...AccountingISBN:9781305654174Author:Gary A. Porter, Curtis L. NortonPublisher:Cengage LearningCentury 21 Accounting Multicolumn JournalAccountingISBN:9781337679503Author:GilbertsonPublisher:Cengage