Introductory Chemistry >IC<
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305014534
Author: ZUMDAHL
Publisher: CENGAGE C
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 2, Problem 17ALQ
Complete the following and explain each in your own words: leading zeros are (never/sometimes/always) significant: captive zeros are (never/sometimes/always) significant; and trailing zeros are (never/sometimes/always) significant.
For any statement with an answer of “sometimes,” give examples of when the zero is significant and when it is not, and explain.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
I am told that when determining the number of significant figures, if the decimal place is absent, then you start counting from the first nonzero number on the right side and continue counting to the left until you reach the last digit. However, if the decimal place is present, start counting the first nonzero number from the left and continue counting to the right until the final digit has been reached.
For example, the number 50 only has two significant figures, while the number 50.00 has four significant figures.
However, how does the number 50 have two significant figures? If I have to start countingfrom the right because of the absence of a decimal place, and I have to begin with the first non zero number, I would have to start from 5 and there is nowhere to count further to the left.
How does the number 50 have two significant figures?
between significant digits are always significant.
figures.
Example: 5,007 has 4 significant figures.
3) Trailing zeros in a number are significant only If the
number contalns a decimal polnt.
Example: 100.0 has 4 significant figures.
100 has 1 significant figure.
4) Zeros in the beginning of a number whose only function
Is to place the decimal polnt are not significant.
Example: 0.0025 has 2 significant figures.
5) Zeros following a decimal significant figure are
significant.
Example: 0.000470 has 3 significant figures.
0.47000 has 5 signlficant figures.
Determine the number of significant figures in the following numbers.
1. 0.02
6. 5,000.
4.
2. 0.020
2.
7. 6,051.006
3. 501 3
8. 0.0005 1.
4. 501.0
9. 0.1020
5. 5,000
10. 10,001 5
Determine the location of the last significant place value by placing a bar over the digit.
Example: 1.700)
9,010.0
4.7x10-8
10,8 00,000
3.0Tx 1021
0.00410
1. 8040
6. 90,100
0.0300
699.5
2,000X162
0.90100
2. 0.0300
7. 4.7 x 108
3. 699.5
8. 10,800,000.
3.…
Give two examples of the offset errors (one of the types of systematic error). Please do not give what is already given in the example. Thank you
Chapter 2 Solutions
Introductory Chemistry >IC<
Ch. 2.1 - Exercise 2.1 Write the numbers 357 and 0.0055 in...Ch. 2.2 - What if you were not allowed to use units for one...Ch. 2.5 - Exercise 2.2 Give the number of significant...Ch. 2.5 - Exercise 2.3 Give the answer for each calculation...Ch. 2.6 - Exercise 2.4 Wine is often bottled in 0.750-L...Ch. 2.6 - Exercise 2.5 Racing cars at the Indianapolis Motor...Ch. 2.7 - Exercise 2.6 Which temperature is colder, 172 K or...Ch. 2.7 - Exercise 2.7 Hot tubs are often maintained at 41...Ch. 2.7 - Exercise 2.8 An antifreeze solution in a car’s...Ch. 2.8 - Exercise 2.9A student wants to identify the main...
Ch. 2 - a. There are 365 days/year, 24 hours/day, 12...Ch. 2 - You go to a convenience store to buy candy and...Ch. 2 - When a marble is dropped into a beaker of water,...Ch. 2 - Consider water in each graduated cylinder as...Ch. 2 - What is the numerical value of a conversion...Ch. 2 - For each of the following numbers, indicate which...Ch. 2 - Consider the addition of “1 5.4” to “28.” What...Ch. 2 - Consider multiplying “26.2” by “16.43.” What would...Ch. 2 - In lab you report a measured volume of 128.7 mL of...Ch. 2 - Sketch two pieces of glassware: one that can...Ch. 2 - Oil floats on water but is “thicker” than water....Ch. 2 - Show how converting numbers to scientific notation...Ch. 2 - You are driving 65mph and take your eyes oil the...Ch. 2 - You have a1.0cm3 sample of lead and a1.0cm3 sample...Ch. 2 - The beakers shown below have different precisions....Ch. 2 - True or false? For any mathematical operation...Ch. 2 - Complete the following and explain each in your...Ch. 2 - For each of the following figures, a through d,...Ch. 2 - For the pin shown below, why is the third digit...Ch. 2 - Why can the length of the pin shown below not be...Ch. 2 - Use the figure below to answer the following...Ch. 2 - A represents a quantitative observation.Ch. 2 - Although your textbook lists (he rules for...Ch. 2 - When a large or small number is written in...Ch. 2 - When a large or small number is written in...Ch. 2 - Will the power of 10 have apositiveor...Ch. 2 - Will the power of 10 have a positive, negative, or...Ch. 2 - Express each of the following numbers...Ch. 2 - Rewrite each of the following as an “ordinary”...Ch. 2 - By how many places must the decimal point be...Ch. 2 - By how many places must the decimal point be...Ch. 2 - Prob. 11QAPCh. 2 - Write each of the following numbers as “ordinary”...Ch. 2 - Write each of the following numbers...Ch. 2 - Prob. 14QAPCh. 2 - What are the fundamental units of mass, length,...Ch. 2 - Give the metric prefix that corresponds to each of...Ch. 2 - Students often have trouble relating measurements...Ch. 2 - Students often have trouble relating measurements...Ch. 2 - Students often have trouble relating measurements...Ch. 2 - Students often have trouble relating measurements...Ch. 2 - The road sign I just passed says “New York City...Ch. 2 - The GPS in my car indicates that t have 100. mi...Ch. 2 - The tablecloth on my dining room table is 2 in...Ch. 2 - Who is taller, a man who is 1.62 in tall or a...Ch. 2 - The fundamental SI unit of length is the meter....Ch. 2 - 26. Which English unit of length or distance is...Ch. 2 - The unit of volume in the metric system is the...Ch. 2 - Which metric system unit is most appropriate for...Ch. 2 - When a measuring scale is used properly to the...Ch. 2 - What does it mean to say LI1amevery measurement we...Ch. 2 - For the pin shown in Fig. 2.5, why is the third...Ch. 2 - Why can the length of the pin shown in Fig. 2.5...Ch. 2 - Indicate the number of significant figures in each...Ch. 2 - Indicate the number of significant figures implied...Ch. 2 - When we round off a number, if the number to the...Ch. 2 - In a multiple-step calculation, is it better to...Ch. 2 - Round off each of the following numbers to three...Ch. 2 - Round off each of the following numbers to two...Ch. 2 - Round off each of the following numbers to the...Ch. 2 - Round off each of the following numbers to the...Ch. 2 - Consider the calculation indicated below:...Ch. 2 - The following water measurements are made: 18 mL...Ch. 2 - When the calculation(2.31)(4.9795103)/(1.9971104)...Ch. 2 - Prob. 44QAPCh. 2 - When the sum 4.9965 + 2.11 + 3.887 is calculated,...Ch. 2 - How many digits after the decimal point should he...Ch. 2 - Evaluate each of the following mathematical...Ch. 2 - Evaluate each of the following mathematical...Ch. 2 - Without actually performing the calculations...Ch. 2 - Without actually performing the calculations...Ch. 2 - How many significant digits should be used to...Ch. 2 - Evaluate each of the following and write the...Ch. 2 - A represents a ratio based on an equivalence...Ch. 2 - How many significant figures are understood for...Ch. 2 - Given that 1 mi = 1760 yd, determine what...Ch. 2 - Prob. 56QAPCh. 2 - For Exercises 57 and 58, apples cost $1.75 per...Ch. 2 - What conversion factor could be used to determine...Ch. 2 - Perform each of the following conversions, being...Ch. 2 - Perform each of the following conversions, being...Ch. 2 - Perform each of the following conversions, being...Ch. 2 - Perform each of the following conversions, being...Ch. 2 - 12.01 g of carbon contains6.021023 carbon atoms....Ch. 2 - Los Angeles and Honolulu are 2558 mi apart. What...Ch. 2 - The United States has high-speed trains running...Ch. 2 - The radius of an atom is on the order of1010 m....Ch. 2 - The temperature scale used in everyday life in...Ch. 2 - The point of water is at 32° on the Fahrenheit...Ch. 2 - Prob. 69QAPCh. 2 - The freezing point of water is _________ K.Ch. 2 - On both the Celsius and Kelvin temperature scales,...Ch. 2 - On which temperature scale (°F, °C, or K) does 1...Ch. 2 - Make the following temperature conversions: 44.2...Ch. 2 - Prob. 74QAPCh. 2 - Convert the following Fahrenheit temperatures to...Ch. 2 - Convert the following Celsius temperatures to...Ch. 2 - The “Chemistry in Focus” segmentTiny...Ch. 2 - Perform the indicated temperature conversions. 275...Ch. 2 - Prob. 79QAPCh. 2 - The most common units for density are ___________.Ch. 2 - A kilogram of lead occupies a much smaller volume...Ch. 2 - If a solid block of glass, with a volume of...Ch. 2 - Is the density of a gaseous substance likely to be...Ch. 2 - What property of density makes it useful as an aid...Ch. 2 - Referring to Table 2.8, which substance listed is...Ch. 2 - Referring to Table 2.8, determine whether...Ch. 2 - For the masses and volumes indicated, calculate...Ch. 2 - For the masses and volumes indicated, calculate...Ch. 2 - The element bromine at room temperature is a...Ch. 2 - Sunflower oil has a density of 0.920 g/mL. What is...Ch. 2 - If 1000. mL of linseed oil has a mass of 929 g....Ch. 2 - A material will float on the surface of a liquid...Ch. 2 - Iron has a density of 7.87 g/cm3. If 52.4 g of...Ch. 2 - The density of pure gold is 19.32 g/cm3 at 20 °C....Ch. 2 - Use the information in Table 2.8 to calculate the...Ch. 2 - Use the information in Table 2.8 to calculate the...Ch. 2 - 97. Indicate the number of significant digits in...Ch. 2 - Express each of the following as an “ordinary”...Ch. 2 - Write each of the following numbers in standard...Ch. 2 - Prob. 100APCh. 2 - Make the following conversions. 1 .25 in. to feet...Ch. 2 - On the planet Xgnu, the most common units of...Ch. 2 - You pass a road sign saying “New York 110 km.” If...Ch. 2 - Convert 45 mi/h to m/s, showing how the units...Ch. 2 - Suppose your car is rated at 45 mi/gal for highway...Ch. 2 - Prob. 106APCh. 2 - For a pharmacist dispensing pills or capsules, it...Ch. 2 - On the planet Xgnu, the natives have 14 fingers....Ch. 2 - For a material to float on the surface of water,...Ch. 2 - A gas cylinder having a volume of 10.5 L contains...Ch. 2 - Using Table 2.8, calculate the volume of 25.0 g of...Ch. 2 - Ethanol and benzene dissolve in each other. When...Ch. 2 - When 2891 is written in scientific notation, the...Ch. 2 - For each of the following numbers, if the number...Ch. 2 - For each of the following numbers, if the number...Ch. 2 - Prob. 116APCh. 2 - For each of the following numbers, by how many...Ch. 2 - For each of the following numbers, by how many...Ch. 2 - Express each of the following numbers in...Ch. 2 - Express each of the following as an “ordinary”...Ch. 2 - Prob. 121APCh. 2 - Prob. 122APCh. 2 - Prob. 123APCh. 2 - Draw a piece of lab glassware that can...Ch. 2 - Which distance is farther, 100 km or 50 mi?Ch. 2 - 1L= ________dm3= ________cm3= ________mLCh. 2 - The volume 0.250 L could also be expressed as mL.Ch. 2 - The distance 10.5 cm could also be expressed as m.Ch. 2 - Would an automobile moving at a constant speed of...Ch. 2 - Which weighs more, 0.001 g of water or 1 mg of...Ch. 2 - Which weighs more, 4.25 g of gold or 425 mg of...Ch. 2 - The length 500 m can also be expressed as nm.Ch. 2 - The ratio of an object’s mass to its is called the...Ch. 2 - You are working on a project where you need the...Ch. 2 - Indicate the number of significant figures in each...Ch. 2 - Prob. 136APCh. 2 - Round off each of the following numbers to the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 138APCh. 2 - Prob. 139APCh. 2 - Prob. 140APCh. 2 - Prob. 141APCh. 2 - Prob. 142APCh. 2 - Perform each of the following conversions, being...Ch. 2 - Perform each of the following conversions, being...Ch. 2 - The mean distance from the earth to (he sun ismi....Ch. 2 - Given that one metric ton = 1000 kg, how many...Ch. 2 - Convert the following temperatures to kelvins. 0°C...Ch. 2 - Carry out the indicated temperature conversions....Ch. 2 - For the masses and volumes indicated, calculate...Ch. 2 - A sample of a liquid solvent has a density of...Ch. 2 - An organic solvent has a density of 1.31 g/mL....Ch. 2 - A solid metal sphere has a volume of 4.2 ft3. The...Ch. 2 - A sample containing 33.42 g of metal pellets is...Ch. 2 - Prob. 154APCh. 2 - Prob. 155APCh. 2 - Prob. 156APCh. 2 - Prob. 157APCh. 2 - Prob. 158APCh. 2 - Complete the following table: Number Exponential...Ch. 2 - For each of the mathematical expressions given: a....Ch. 2 - The longest river in the world is the Nile River...Ch. 2 - Secretariat is known as the horse with the fastest...Ch. 2 - A friend tells you that it is 69. 1 °F outside....Ch. 2 - The hottest temperature recorded in the United...Ch. 2 - The density of osmium (the densest metal)...Ch. 2 - The radius of a neon atom is 69 pm, and its mass...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A Chemistry 20 student uses a thermometer and a hot plate and measures the boiling point of ethyl alcohol to be 71.1 ºC. Then, she looks in a reference book and finds that the actual boiling point of ethyl alcohol is 78.4 ºC. What is her percent error?Do not show your work in the space provided.Record only your final answer with the correct number of significant digits and the proper units.arrow_forwardGive detailed Solution with explanation needed...don't give Handwritten answer..don't use Ai for answering thisarrow_forwardYou plot A vs Conc (mg/mL) for a set of 5 standards in mg/mL and get the equation for the line as 0.962=0.310x+0.315. Solve for x and report the results with correct units and sig-figs. Is this question really just as simple as solving for x? I feel like I'm missing something here...arrow_forward
- Please don't providehandwrittin solution...arrow_forwardQ2. Please answer with legible handwriting and go step by step if possible. Box answers for a,b,c,d once finished, thank you.arrow_forwardWrite numbers using scientific notation. (a) Write the following numbers in scientific notation using E-notation. Example: Enter 1.20E-4 for 1.20x10-4 Write each number to two decimal places with one non-zero digit before the decimal point. Example: Use 1.20E-4 NOT 0.120E-3 or 12.0E-5 (i) 0.0661 (ii) 3410 (b) Write the following numbers in standard notation. Do not include a decimal point for numbers greater than 1. Include a zero before the decimal point for numbers less than 1. (i) 3.13×104 31300 (ii) 1.13x10-4 31300 Check & Submit Answer Show Approacharrow_forward
- Two students determine the percentage of lead in a sample as a laboratory exercise. The true percentage is 22.52 %. The students' results for three determinations are as follows: 1. 22.52, 22.28, 22.74 (Student A) 2. 22.64, 22.58, 22.62 (Student B) Calculate the average percentage for each set of data, and state which set is the more accurate based on the average? A. 22.51, Student A B. 22.55, Student A C. 22.51, Student B D. 22.55, Student Barrow_forwardapress your answer using three significant figures. Enter your answers numerically separated by commas, ANSWER: MC,H10 MCO2,MH2O = %3D Part B Complete the second row. Express your answer using three significant figures. Enter your answers numerically separated by commas. ANSWER: mo2 mco2,MH, O = %3D Part C Complete the third row. Express your answer using four significant figures. Enter your answers numerically separated by commas. ANSWER: mC,H10 MO2MH20 : %3D Part D Complete the fourth row. Express your answer using three significant figures. Enter your answers numerically separated by commas. ANSWER: %3D mC,H10 ,mo2,mCO2 Part E Complete the fifth row. Express your answer using three significant figures. Enter your answers numerically separated by commas. ANSWER: mg mo2,mcO2 mH,O = Part F Complete the sixth row. Express your answer using three significant figures. Enter your answers numerically separated by commas.arrow_forwardA Chemistry 20 student uses a thermometer and a hot plate and measures the boiling point of ethyl alcohol to be 74.1 ºC. Then, she looks in a reference book and finds that the actual boiling point of ethyl alcohol is 78.4 ºC. What is her percent error?Record only your final answer with the correct number of significant digits and the proper units.arrow_forward
- Find the difference between the value of x2 and the sum of x1 plus x3.; let x4 be equivalent to the sum of x1 and x3 and let x5 be the difference between x2 and x5. This calculation scheme is shown below. Make notes about any similarities or differences between the values in your notes. x4 = x1 + x3 x5 = x2 – x4 Data Analyis This section will include all data collected during the lab. Thermochemical Data Tinitial (°C) Tfinal (°C) ΔT (°C) moles NaOH qreaction (kJ) ΔHrxn Reaction 1 25.0 30.3 +5.3 0.025 -1.11 -44.4 Reaction 2 25.0 37.0 +12.0 0.025 -2.51 -100.4 Reaction 3 25.0 31.7 +6.7 0.025 -1.40 -56.1 Reaction 1: NaOH(s) → Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) + x1 kJ 1g /39.977g/mol = 0.025 moles Moles NaOH = 0.025 qsolution = (4.184 J/g °C) (50.0g) (30.3°C -25.0°C) = -1108.76 J/ 1000 qreaction (kJ) = -1.11 kJ ΔH = -1.11 kJ/ 0.025 moles ΔHrxn = -44.4 kJ/mol…arrow_forwardImagine that have a cube of iron metal that you know has a mass of exactly 1.0000 grams because the cube was calibrated before you purchased it. You carefully measure the mass of this cube several times using the balance in your lab, but every time the balance indicates that the cube has a mass of 1.0900 grams. (i) State whether this balance be considered to be accurate, precise, both, or neither and (ii) explain how you made your choice.arrow_forwardA Exercise 8.40: Problems - Mass-to-Mass Conversions Consider the following balanced equation for the combustion of butane, a fuel often used in lighters. 2 C4H10 (9) + 13 02 (g) 8 CO2 (g) + 10 H20 (g) Complete the following table, showing the appropriate masses of reactants and products. If the mass of a reactant is provided, fill in the mass of other reactants required to completely react with the given mass, as well as the mass of each product formed. If the mass of a product is provided, fill in the required masses of each reactant to make that amount of product, as well as the mass of the other product that is formed. Mass C4 H10 Mass O2 Mass CO2 Mass H2O 1.11 g 5.72 g 18.12 g 9.64 g 192 mg 168 mgarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Introductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781285199030Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399425
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199030
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079373
Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399074
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Measurement and Significant Figures; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gn97hpEkTiM;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Trigonometry: Radians & Degrees (Section 3.2); Author: Math TV with Professor V;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U5a9e1J_V1Y;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY