Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399074
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 2, Problem 167SCQ
The photo here depicts what happens when a coil of magnesium ribbon and a few calcium chips are placed in water.
- (a) Based on these observations, what might you expect to see when barium, another Croup 2A element, is placed in water?
- (b) Give the period in which each element (Mg. Ca, and Ba) is found. What correlation do you think you might find between the reactivity of these elements and their positions in the periodic table?
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
Locate each of the following elements in the periodic table;give its name and atomic number, and indicate whether it isa metal, metalloid, or nonmetal: (a) Li, (b) Sc, (c) Ge, (d) Yb,(e) Mn, (f) Sb, (g) Xe.
9. When a candle has been burning for an hour, its mass is less than it was at the beginning.
(a) How is it possible for the candle to lose mass without violating the law of conservation of mass?
(b) How might you find the mass of the missing material?
14. Hydrochloric acid reacts with zinc. The chemical equation for this reaction is Zn(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → H2(g) + ZnCl2(aq)
a) Classify this reaction.
(b) Name the product that forms bubbles in this reaction. How do you know?
c) How does the mass of zinc metal change as the reaction proceeds?
d) What does the (aq) symbol in the equation mean?
24. Consider this chemical equation: Zn + 2 AgNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + 2 Ag
a) How many atoms of zinc are on the left side of the equation? How many are on the right?
(b) How many atoms of silver are on the left side of the equation? How many are on the right?
(c) Is the equation balanced? Explain.
25.How are coefficients different from subscripts in equations?
30. Consider this neutralization reaction: HCl +…
(a) Atoms are very small compared to objects on the macroscopic scale. The radius of a vanadium atom is 131 pm. What is this value in meters and in
centimeters?
cm
(b) The mass of a single vanadium atom is 8.46×10-23 g. Suppose enough V atoms were lined up like beads on a string to span a distance of 44.7 cm ( 18
atoms
inches). How many atoms would be required?
What mass in grams of V would be used?
Could you weigh out this amount of vanadium using a typical laboratory balance?
(c) Taking the density of vanadium metal to be 6.08 g/cm³, calculate the mass of metal needed to form a piece of V wire with the same length as the
distance in b, but with a diameter of 1.00 mm. Hint: The volume of a cylinder is T times its radius squared times its height. (V = T r² h)
How many vanadium atoms does this represent?
atoms
Chapter 2 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Ch. 2.1 - 1. What is the mass of an iron atom with 30...Ch. 2.2 - Verify that the atomic weight of chlorine is...Ch. 2.2 - Neon has three stable isotopes, one with a small...Ch. 2.5 - Give the number and identity of the constituent...Ch. 2.5 - (a) Write the formulas of all neutral ionic...Ch. 2.6 - What mass of gold, Au, contains 2.6 1024 atoms?Ch. 2.6 - If you have 454 g of citric acid (H3C6H5O7), what...Ch. 2.7 - 1. Express the composition of ammonium carbonate,...Ch. 2.7 - 1. What is the empirical formula of naphthalene,...Ch. 2.7 - Gallium oxide, GaxOy forms when gallium is combine...
Ch. 2.7 - Hydrated nickel(II) chloride is a beautiful green,...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 2.12CYUCh. 2.8 - Prob. 1.1ACPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 1.2ACPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 2.1ACPCh. 2.8 - Salvarsan was long thought to be a single...Ch. 2.8 - To determine the density of atmospheric nitrogen....Ch. 2.8 - The density of a mixture of gases may be...Ch. 2.8 - Atmospheric argon is a mixture of three stable...Ch. 2.8 - Given that the density of argon is 1.78 g/L under...Ch. 2 - Prob. 1PSCh. 2 - Define mass number. What is the difference between...Ch. 2 - An atom has a very small nucleus surrounded by an...Ch. 2 - A gold atom has a radius of 145 pm. If you could...Ch. 2 - Give the complete symbol(ZAX), including atomic...Ch. 2 - Give the complete symbol(ZAX), including atomic...Ch. 2 - Prob. 7PSCh. 2 - Atomic structure. (a) The synthetic radioactive...Ch. 2 - Prob. 9PSCh. 2 - In 1886 Eugene Goldstein observed positively...Ch. 2 - Marie Curie was born in Poland but studied and...Ch. 2 - Prob. 12PSCh. 2 - The mass of an 16 O atom is 15.995 u. What is its...Ch. 2 - What is the mass of one 16O atom, in grams? (The...Ch. 2 - Cobalt has three radioactive isotopes used in...Ch. 2 - Naturally occurring silver exists as two isotopes...Ch. 2 - Name and describe the composition of the three...Ch. 2 - Which of the following are isotopes of element X,...Ch. 2 - Thallium has two stable isotopes, 203TIand 205Tl....Ch. 2 - Strontium has four stable isotopes. Strontium-84...Ch. 2 - Verify that the atomic weight of lithium is 6.94,...Ch. 2 - Verify that the atomic weight of magnesium is...Ch. 2 - Gallium has two naturally occurring isotopes, 69Ga...Ch. 2 - Europium has two stable isotopes, 151Eu and 153Eu,...Ch. 2 - Titanium and thallium have symbols that are easily...Ch. 2 - In Groups 4A-6A, there are several elements whose...Ch. 2 - How many periods of the periodic table have 8...Ch. 2 - Prob. 28PSCh. 2 - Prob. 29PSCh. 2 - Prob. 30PSCh. 2 - Classify the following elements as metals,...Ch. 2 - Prob. 32PSCh. 2 - Prob. 33PSCh. 2 - Prob. 34PSCh. 2 - What is the charge on the common monatomic ions of...Ch. 2 - What is the charge on the common monatomic ions of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 37PSCh. 2 - Prob. 38PSCh. 2 - When a potassium atom becomes a monatomic ion, how...Ch. 2 - When oxygen and sulfur atoms become monatomic...Ch. 2 - Prob. 41PSCh. 2 - Prob. 42PSCh. 2 - Give the formula and the number of each ion that...Ch. 2 - Give the formula and the number of each ion that...Ch. 2 - Prob. 45PSCh. 2 - Prob. 46PSCh. 2 - Prob. 47PSCh. 2 - Prob. 48PSCh. 2 - Prob. 49PSCh. 2 - Prob. 50PSCh. 2 - Prob. 51PSCh. 2 - Prob. 52PSCh. 2 - Write the formulas for the four ionic compounds...Ch. 2 - Write the formulas for the four ionic compounds...Ch. 2 - Sodium ions, Na+, form ionic compounds with...Ch. 2 - Consider the two ionic compounds NaCl and CaO. In...Ch. 2 - Prob. 57PSCh. 2 - Name each of the following binary, nonionic...Ch. 2 - Prob. 59PSCh. 2 - Prob. 60PSCh. 2 - Calculate the mass, in grams, of each the...Ch. 2 - Calculate the mass, in grams, of each the...Ch. 2 - Calculate the amount (moles) represented by each...Ch. 2 - Calculate the amount (moles) represented by each...Ch. 2 - You are given 1.0-g samples of He, Fe, Li, Si, and...Ch. 2 - You are given 0.10-g samples of K, Mo, Cr, and Al....Ch. 2 - Analysis of a 10.0-g sample of apatite (a major...Ch. 2 - A semiconducting material is composed of 52 g of...Ch. 2 - Calculate the molar mass of each of the following...Ch. 2 - Calculate the molar mass of each of the following...Ch. 2 - Calculate the molar mass of each hydrated...Ch. 2 - Prob. 72PSCh. 2 - What mass is represented by 0.0255 mol of each of...Ch. 2 - Assume you have 0.123 mol of each of the following...Ch. 2 - Sulfur trioxide, SO3, is made industrially in...Ch. 2 - How many ammonium ions and how many sulfate ions...Ch. 2 - Acetaminophen, whose structure is drawn below, is...Ch. 2 - An Alka-Seltzer tablet contains 324 mg of aspirin...Ch. 2 - Calculate the mass percent of each element in the...Ch. 2 - Calculate the mass percent of each element in the...Ch. 2 - Calculate the mass percent of copper in CuS,...Ch. 2 - Calculate the mass percent of titanium in the...Ch. 2 - Succinic acid occurs in fungi and lichens. Its...Ch. 2 - An organic compound has the empirical formula...Ch. 2 - Prob. 85PSCh. 2 - Complete the following table:Ch. 2 - Acetylene is a colorless gas used as a fuel in...Ch. 2 - A large family of boron-hydrogen compounds has the...Ch. 2 - Cumene, a hydrocarbon, is a compound composed only...Ch. 2 - In 2006, a Russian team discovered an interesting...Ch. 2 - Mandelic acid is an organic acid composed of...Ch. 2 - Nicotine, a poisonous compound found in tobacco...Ch. 2 - A compound containing xenon and fluorine was...Ch. 2 - Elemental sulfur (1.256 g) is combined with...Ch. 2 - Epsom salt is used in tanning leather and in...Ch. 2 - You combine 1.25 g of germanium, Ge, with excess...Ch. 2 - The mass spectrum of nitrogen dioxide is...Ch. 2 - The mass spectrum of phosphoryl chloride. POF3, is...Ch. 2 - The mass spectrum of CH3Cl is illustrated here....Ch. 2 - Prob. 100PSCh. 2 - Fill in the blanks in the table (one column per...Ch. 2 - Potassium has three naturally occurring isotopes...Ch. 2 - Crossword Puzzle: In the 2 2 box shown here, each...Ch. 2 - The following chart shows a general decline in...Ch. 2 - Copper atoms. (a) What is the average mass of one...Ch. 2 - Prob. 106GQCh. 2 - Prob. 107GQCh. 2 - Identify two nonmetallic elements that have...Ch. 2 - Prob. 109GQCh. 2 - Prob. 110GQCh. 2 - Prob. 111GQCh. 2 - When a sample of phosphorus burns in air, the...Ch. 2 - Although carbon-12 is now used as the standard for...Ch. 2 - A reagent occasionally used in chemical synthesis...Ch. 2 - Prob. 115GQCh. 2 - Prob. 116GQCh. 2 - Which of the following compounds has the highest...Ch. 2 - Which of the following samples has the largest...Ch. 2 - The structure of one of the bases in DNA, adenine,...Ch. 2 - Prob. 120GQCh. 2 - A drop of water has a volume of about 0.050 mL....Ch. 2 - Capsaicin, the compound that gives the hot taste...Ch. 2 - Prob. 123GQCh. 2 - Write the molecular formula and calculate the...Ch. 2 - Malic acid, an organic acid found in apples,...Ch. 2 - Your doctor has diagnosed you as being anemicthat...Ch. 2 - A compound composed of iron and carbon monoxide,...Ch. 2 - Ma huang, an extract from the ephedra species of...Ch. 2 - Saccharin, a molecular model of which is shown...Ch. 2 - Prob. 130GQCh. 2 - Write the formula for each of the following pounds...Ch. 2 - Complete the table by placing symbols, formulas,...Ch. 2 - Empirical and molecular formulas. (a)...Ch. 2 - Cacodyl, a compound containing arsenic, was...Ch. 2 - The action of bacteria on meat and fish produces a...Ch. 2 - In the laboratory you combine 0.125 g of nickel...Ch. 2 - A compound called MMT was once used to boost the...Ch. 2 - Elemental phosphorus is made by heating calcium...Ch. 2 - Chromium is obtained by heating chromium(III)...Ch. 2 - Stibnite, Sb2S3, is a dark gray mineral from which...Ch. 2 - Direct reaction of iodine (I2) and chlorine (Cl2)...Ch. 2 - In a reaction, 2.04 g of vanadium combined with...Ch. 2 - Iron pyrite, often called fools gold, has the...Ch. 2 - Which of the following statements about 57.1 g of...Ch. 2 - The formula of barium molybdate is BaMoO4. Which...Ch. 2 - A metal M forms a compound with the formula MCl4....Ch. 2 - Pepto-Bismol, which can help provide relief for an...Ch. 2 - The weight percent of oxygen in an oxide that has...Ch. 2 - The mass of 2.50 mol of a compound with the...Ch. 2 - The elements A and Z combine to produce two...Ch. 2 - Polystyrene can be prepared by heating styrene...Ch. 2 - A sample of hemoglobin is found to be 0.335% iron....Ch. 2 - Consider an atom of 64Zn. (a) Calculate the...Ch. 2 - Estimating the radius of a lead atom. (a) You are...Ch. 2 - A piece of nickel foil, 0.550 mm thick and 1.25 cm...Ch. 2 - Uranium is used as a fuel, primarily in the form...Ch. 2 - In an experiment, you need 0.125 mol of sodium...Ch. 2 - Mass spectrometric analysis showed that there are...Ch. 2 - If Epsom salt, MgSO4 x H2O, is heated to 250 C,...Ch. 2 - The alum used in cooking is potassium aluminum...Ch. 2 - Tin metal (Sn) and purple iodine (I2) combine to...Ch. 2 - When analyzed, an unknown compound gave these...Ch. 2 - Two general chemistry students working together in...Ch. 2 - To find the empirical formula of tin oxide, you...Ch. 2 - Prob. 165SCQCh. 2 - Prob. 166SCQCh. 2 - The photo here depicts what happens when a coil of...Ch. 2 - A jar contains some number of jelly beans. To find...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of these statements are qualitative? Which are quantitative? Explain your choice in each case. (a) Sodium is a silvery-white metal. (b) Aluminum melts at 660 C. (c) Carbon makes up about 23% of the human body by mass. (d) Pure carbon occurs in different forms: graphite, diamond, and fullerenes.arrow_forward2.95 Engineers who design bicycle frames are familiar with the densities of aluminium (2.699 g/cm3), steel (7.87 g/cm3), and titanium (4.507 g/cm3). How does this information compare with Figure 2.12, and what would it suggest for changes in this figure if more shades were used for the density colour-coding? (Iron is the principal component of steel)arrow_forward(a) Atoms are very small compared to objects on the macroscopic scale. The radius of a nickel atom is 125 pm. What is this value in meters and in centimeters? cm -23 (b) The mass of a single nickel atom is 9.75×10 g. Suppose enough Ni atoms were lined up like beads on a string to span a distance of 31.3 cm (12 inches). How many atoms would be required? atoms What mass in grams of Ni would be used? Could you weigh out this amount of nickel using a typical laboratory balance? (c) Taking the density of nickel metal to be 8.91 g/cm, calculate the mass of metal needed to form a piece of Ni wire with the same length as the distance in b, but with a diameter of 1.00 mm. Hint: The volume of a cylinder is n times its radius squared times its height. (V = nr h) How many nickel atoms does this represent? atomsarrow_forward
- 7. Isotopes. (a) Argon has three naturally occurring isotopes, 36Ar, 38Ar, and 40Ar. What is the mass number of each? How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are present in each? (b) Gallium has two naturally occurring isotopes, 6°Ga (isotopic mass = 68.9256 amu, abundance 60.11%) and 71Ga (isotopic mass = 70.9247 amu, abundance = 39.89%). Calculate the atomic mas of gallium.a %3D (c) Chlorine has two naturally occurring isotopes, 35CI (isotopic mass = 34.9689 amu) and 3"Cl (isotopic mass = 36.9659 amu). If chlorine has an atomic mass of 35.4527 amu, what is the percent abundance of each isotope?arrow_forwardThe radius of an atom of gold (Au) is about 1.35 Å. (a) Express this distance in nanometers (nm) and in picometers (pm) (b) How many gold atoms would have to be lined up to span 1.0 mm? (c) If the atom is assumed to be a sphere, what is the volume in cm3 of a single Au atom?arrow_forwardThe following diagram represents a chemical reaction in which the red spheres are oxygen atoms and the blue spheres are nitrogen atoms. (a) Write the chemical formulas for the reactants and products. (b) Write a balanced equation for the reaction. (c) Is the diagram consistent with the law of conservation of mass?arrow_forward
- For each of the following elements, write its chemical symbol, locate it in the periodic table, and indicate whether it is a metal, metalloid, or nonmetal: (a) silver; (b) helium; (c) phosphorus; (d) cadmium; (e) calcium; (f) bromine; (g) arsenic.arrow_forwardThe elements of Group 1-B (Cu, Ag, and Au) are sometimes referred to as the “coinage metals.” Why? What properties do they have that make them particularly useful for this purpose?arrow_forwardMatter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. Thus, the mass of the products of a chemical reaction must be equal to the mass of the starting materials. Formally, this concept is called the law of conservation of mass. A sample of sodium reacts completely with 0.426 kg k g of chlorine, forming 702 g g of sodium chloride. What mass of sodium reacted?arrow_forward
- The anticancer drug Platinol (Cisplatin), Pt(NH₃)₂Cl₂,reacts with the cancer cell’s DNA and interferes with its growth.(a) What is the mass % of platinum (Pt) in Platinol? (b) If Pt costs$19/g, how many grams of Platinol can be made for $1.00 million(assume that the cost of Pt determines the cost of the drug)?arrow_forwardTwo gaseous A and B are common hydrocarbons. Chemical analyses demonstrate that in one sample of A, 9.12 g of carbon are combined with 0.766 g of hydrogen, and in one sample of B, 5.3 g of carbon are combined with 1.33 g of hydrogen, (a) Are these results consistent with the law of multiple proportions? (b) Write reasonable empirical formulas for these compounds. (C:12, g/mol H:1 g/mol)arrow_forward2.43 g magnesium was completely burnt in oxygen to give magnesium oxide. 2 Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2 MgO(s) (Relative atomic masses: O = 16.0, Mg = 24.3) (a) Draw the electronic diagrams of O2 and MgO, showing electrons in the outermost shell only. (b) (i) How many mole of magnesium was present? (ii) How many mole of oxygen was required to completely react with the amount of magnesium in (i)? (iii) Hence, calculate the amount of oxygen required to completely react with the magnesium. (c) Similarly, calculate the amount of MgO formed.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry for Engineering Students
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337398909
Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Types of Matter: Elements, Compounds and Mixtures; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dggHWvFJ8Xs;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY