The Cosmic Perspective (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134874364
Author: Jeffrey O. Bennett, Megan O. Donahue, Nicholas Schneider, Mark Voit
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 2, Problem 15EAP
What do we mean by the apparent retrograde motion of the planets? Why was this motion difficult for ancient astronomers to explain? How do we explain it today?
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What do we mean by apparent retrograde motion of planets? Why was it difficult for ancient astronomers to explain? How do we explain it today?
Kepler's 1st law says that our Solar System's planets orbit in ellipses around the Sun where the closest distance to the Sun is called perihelion.
Suppose I tell you that there is a planet with a perihelion distance of 2 AU and a semi-major axis of 1.5 AU.
Does this make physical sense? Explain why or why not.
Let's use Kepler's laws for the inner planets. Use the following distances from the sun to calculate the orbital period for each of these planets. Express your answer in terms of Earth years to two significant figures. Answer for the highlighted planet in each question.
Note: Use Kepler's law directly. Don't just Google the answers, as they will be a little bit different.
When you have calculated them, only submit the value for Earth.
Planet
Distance from the sun
Period of orbit around the sun
Earth
150 million km
___ Earth years
Mercury
58 million km
___ Earth years
Venus
108 million km
___ Earth years
Mars
228 million km
___ Earth years
Chapter 2 Solutions
The Cosmic Perspective (9th Edition)
Ch. 2 - Prob. 1VSCCh. 2 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 2 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 2 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 2 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 2 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 2 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 2 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 2 - Prob. 1EAPCh. 2 - Suppose you were making a model of the celestial...
Ch. 2 - On a clear, dark night, the sky may appear to be...Ch. 2 - Why does the local sky look like a dome? Define...Ch. 2 - Prob. 5EAPCh. 2 - What are circumpolar stars? Are more stars...Ch. 2 - What are latitude and longitude? Does the sky vary...Ch. 2 - What is the zodiac, and why do we see different...Ch. 2 - Suppose Earth’s axis had no tilt. Would we still...Ch. 2 - Briefly describe key facts about the solstices and...Ch. 2 - What is precession? How does it affect what we see...Ch. 2 - Briefly describe the Moon’s cycle of phases. Can...Ch. 2 - Why do we always see the same face of the Moon?Ch. 2 - Why don’t we see an eclipse at every new and full...Ch. 2 - What do we mean by the apparent retrograde motion...Ch. 2 - Prob. 16EAPCh. 2 - Prob. 17EAPCh. 2 - Prob. 18EAPCh. 2 - Prob. 19EAPCh. 2 - Prob. 20EAPCh. 2 - Does It Make Sense? Decide whether the statement...Ch. 2 - Does It Make Sense? Decide whether the statement...Ch. 2 - Prob. 23EAPCh. 2 - Does It Make Sense? Decide whether the statement...Ch. 2 - Does It Make Sense? Decide whether the statement...Ch. 2 - Does It Make Sense? Decide whether the statement...Ch. 2 - Quick Quiz Choose the best answer to each of the...Ch. 2 - Quick Quiz Choose the best answer to each of the...Ch. 2 - Quick Quiz Choose the best answer to each of the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 30EAPCh. 2 - Quick Quiz Choose the best answer to each of the...Ch. 2 - Quick Quiz Choose the best answer to each of the...Ch. 2 - Quick Quiz Choose the best answer to each of the...Ch. 2 - Quick Quiz Choose the best answer to each of the...Ch. 2 - Quick Quiz Choose the best answer to each of the...Ch. 2 - Quick Quiz Choose the best answer to each of the...Ch. 2 - Earth-Centered or Sun-Centered? Decide whether...Ch. 2 - Shadow Phases. Many people incorrectly guess that...Ch. 2 - Earth-Centered Language. Many common phrases...Ch. 2 - Group Activity: Lunar Phases and Time of Day. Make...Ch. 2 - New Planet. A planet in another solar system has a...Ch. 2 - Your View of the Sky. a. What are your latitude...Ch. 2 - View from the Moon. Assume you live on the Moon,...Ch. 2 - View from the Sun. Suppose you lived on the Sun...Ch. 2 - A Farther Moon. Suppose the distance to the Moon...Ch. 2 - A Smaller Earth. Suppose Earth were smaller. Would...Ch. 2 - Observing Planetary Motion. Find out which planets...Ch. 2 - 47. A Connecticut Yankee. Find the book A...Ch. 2 - Be sure to show all calculations clearly and state...Ch. 2 - Be sure to show all calculations clearly and state...Ch. 2 - Be sure to show all calculations clearly and state...Ch. 2 - Be sure to show all calculations clearly and state...Ch. 2 - Prob. 57EAPCh. 2 - Prob. 58EAPCh. 2 - Be sure to show all calculations clearly and state...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Why might Tycho Brahe have hesitated to hire Kepler? Why do you suppose he appointed Kepler his scientific heir? What is limited about Keplers third law P2 = a3, where P is the time in units of years a planet takes to orbit the Sun and a is the planets average distance from the Sun in units of AU? (Hint: Look at the units.) What does this tell you about Kepler and his laws?arrow_forwardHow Do We Know? Why is it important that a theory make testable predictions?arrow_forwardDraw a picture that explains why Venus goes through phases the way the Moon does, according to the heliocentric cosmology. Does Jupiter also go through phases as seen from Earth? Why?arrow_forward
- The table below presents the semi-major axis (a) and Actual orbital period for all of the major planets in the solar system. Cube for each planet the semi-major axis in Astronomical Units. Then take the square root of this number to get the Calculated orbital period of each planet. Fill in the final row of data for each planet. Table of Data for Kepler’s Third Law: Table of Data for Kepler’s Third Law: Planet aau = Semi-Major Axis (AU) Actual Planet Calculated Planet Period (Yr) Period (Yr) __________ ______________________ ___________ ________________ Mercury 0.39 0.24 Venus 0.72 0.62 Earth 1.00 1.00 Mars 1.52 1.88 Jupiter…arrow_forwardLet's use Kepler's laws for the inner planets. Use the following distances from the sun to calculate the orbital period for each of these planets. Express your answer in terms of Earth years to two significant figures. Note: Use Kepler's law directly. Don't just Google the answers, as they will be a little bit different. When you have calculated them, only submit the value for Mercury. Planet Distance from the sun Period of orbit around the sun Earth 150 million km ___ Earth years Mercury 58 million km ___ Earth years Venus 108 million km ___ Earth years Mars 228 million km ___ Earth yearsarrow_forwardUse Kuiper Belt Object Haumea's eccentricity; e = 0.189, semimajor axis, a = 43.3 AU, and Period, P = 285 yrs, values to a) calculate its perihelion and aphelion distances with Dp = a (1 e) and D₂ = a (1 + e), b) verify if Haumea's a and P satisfy Kepler's third law for all objects orbiting the Sun: p2 = a³. Show your work. Paragraph Lato (Recom... a) Dp= Da= V b) p2= BI 19px... v U A L EQ 58° ...arrow_forward
- Mars is 1.5 times as far away from the Sun as Earth. Earth’s axis is tilted at 23.5o compared to the ecliptic. The axis of Mars is tilted at 25o compared to the ecliptic. The atmosphere on Earth is 100 times as thick as the atmosphere on Mars. Which of the following statements is true? 1.)Mars is so cold that the water there is ice, while Earth does not have any ice 2.)When it is summer in Earth’s northern hemisphere, it is winter on Mars’ southern hemisphere 3.) Earth has seasons, Mars does not 4.) All of the water on Mars is frozen, while Earth has water in solid, liquid and gas formarrow_forwardDirection: Use your knowledge about solving equations to work out to complete the table below. Show your solution with proper units. R° (meters) T R° / T° { (meters) / Planet Average Times of Radius of Revolution (seconds) (seconds) } Planet's Orbit (Planet's year) R T (seconds) (meters) Mercury 5.7869 x 10:0 7.605 x 10 Venus 1.081 x 101 1.941 x 107 Earth 1.4996 x 10" 3.156 x 10 Mars 2.280 x 101 5.936 x 10 Jupiter 7.783 x 10" 3.743 x 10 Saturn 1.426 x 10 9.296 x 10arrow_forwardShow your complete solution.Use 3 decimal places throughout your solution and express final answers in 3 decimalplaces. Answers with wrong units will not be considered.Box or highlight your final answers.arrow_forward
- roblem B.2: Distance of the Planets The table below lists the average distance R to the Sun and orbital period T of the first planets: Distance Orbital Period Mercury 0.39 AU 88 days Venus 0.72 AU 225 days Earth 1.00 AU 365 days Mars 1.52 AU 687 days (a) Calculate the average distance of Mercury, Venus and Mars to the Earth. Which one of these planets is the closest to Earth on average? (b) Calculate the average distance of Mercury, Venus and Earth to Mars. Which one of these planets is the closest to Mars on average? (c) What do you expect for the other planets? Hint: Assume circular orbits and use symmetries to make the distance calculation easier. You can approximate the average distance by using four well-chosen points on the planet's orbit.arrow_forwardGiven the geometry shown in the picture, can you figure out where the planet is when it is moving the fastest and when it is moving the slowest? Explain your reasoning as clearly as you can.arrow_forwardExplain the geocentric view of the universe.arrow_forward
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