Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134296012
Author: Martha R. Taylor, Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Kelly A. Hogan, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2, Problem 10TYK
Use carbon-12, the most common isotope of carbon, to define these terms: atomic number, mass number, valence. Which of these numbers is most related to the chemical behavior of an atom? Explain.
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According to chemist John Dalton, if one mole of nitrogen is combined with three moles of hydrogen to form one mole of ammonia (knowing that nitrogen, with an atomic number of 7, has an atomic mass of 14, and hydrogen, with an atomic number of 1, has an atomic mass of 1), then this compound will have an atomic weight (or molecular mass) of:
14 grams per mole (14 daltons)
17 grams per mole (17 daltons)
20 grams per mole (20 daltons)
22 grams per mole (22 daltons)
43 grams per mole (43 daltons)
Define the atomic mass of an atom. What are two things that make up an atom?
Complete the table below, using the diagram of an atom shown at right.
name symbol
0
proton
e
Properties of subatomic particles
charge
(in multiples of e)
0
0
0
approximate
mass
(amu)
(choose one) ✓
(choose one) ✓
1.0
location
on diagram
(choose one) ✓
(choose one) ✓
A
X
A
S
Chapter 2 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (9th Edition)
Ch. 2 - Fill in the blanks in this concept map to help you...Ch. 2 - Create a concept map to organize your...Ch. 2 - Changing the _____ would change it into an atom of...Ch. 2 - What is chemically nonsensical about this...Ch. 2 - A solution at pH 6 contains _____H+ than the same...Ch. 2 - Most of the unique properties of water result from...Ch. 2 - A can of cola consists mostly of sugar dissolved...Ch. 2 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 2 - In what way does the need for iodine or iron in...Ch. 2 - Use carbon-12, the most common isotope of carbon,...
Ch. 2 - In terms of electron sharing between atoms,...Ch. 2 - The diagram below shows the arrangement of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 2 - What do you think the effect on the properties of...Ch. 2 - SCIENTIFIC THINKING A recent experimental study...Ch. 2 - In agricultural areas, farmers pay close attention...Ch. 2 - This chapter explains how the emergent properties...
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- Chlorine is an element with the symbol Cl. Draw and label atomic structure of chlorine indicating the number and locations of protons, neutrons and electrons in one atom of chlorine.arrow_forwardLook up the valence electron configuration, covalent atomic radius, effective nuclear charge, first ionization energy and Pauling electronegativity in Chapter 8 (tables are attached). Examine the above data and answer the following questions. a) Explain why some of the elements like TI and Pb on the lower left of the p block are metallic. b) Explain why some of the elements like C, Si in the center of the p block form covalent bonds. Explain why these bonds formed by the network of these elements (as studied in Chapter 25) tend to be unreactive. c) Explain why the noble Group 8A elements are highly unreactive gases. d) Explain why some elements like F, CI, Br etc, on the upper right of the p block are highly reactive nonmetals.arrow_forwardfor the first 10 atoms from the periodic table determine: the atom full name and chemical symbol atomic number atomic mass how many protons, Neutrons and electrons? Abundance in naturearrow_forward
- The “octet rule” in chemistry helps predict the types of bonds thatatoms will form. In general, an atom will be most stable if it fills itsouter shell of 8 electrons. Atoms with fewer than 4 valence electronstend to donate electrons and those with more than 4 valence electronstend to accept additional electrons; those with exactly 4 can do both.Using this rule, determine what category each of the followingelements falls into: N, S, C, P, O, H, Ca, Fe, and Mg. (You will needto work out the valence of the atoms.)arrow_forwardThe most abundant form of carbon has an atomic number of 6 and a mass of 12. A small amount of carbon exists as the isotope carbon 14. What number of protons, neutrons, and electrons would you expect to see in an atom of carbon 14?arrow_forwardConsider iron (Fe), hydrogen gas (H2), and ammonia (NH3).Which of them is or are atoms? Which of them is or are molecules? Which of them is or are compounds? Explain eachanswerarrow_forward
- Use your copy of the periodic table to answer this question: If you add an electron to fluorine, what will result? A) a negatively charged anion B) a different atomic number C) a different isotope D) a different element E) a positively charged cationarrow_forwardThe atomic mass of an element can be used to determine A) the chemical properties of the element B) the number of protons in the element C) the number of neutrons in the element D) the number of protons plus neutrons in the element E) both the number of protons and the chemical properties of the elementarrow_forwardList and define four types of chemical bonds.arrow_forward
- Iodine has 37 known isotopes. Therefore, the atomic mass has a range of 108-144 amu. Which of the following statements concerning iodine is correct? A) The isotopes of iodine have between 55 and 91 protons. B) An atom of iodine can have between 55 and 91 neutrons. C) The isotopes of iodine will always have the same number of neutrons, but the protons can vary. D) The isotopes of iodine have between 108 and 144 neutrons, but the number of protons will not vary.arrow_forwardDiscuss whether the following statement is correct: “An ionic bond can, in principle, be thought of as a very polar covalent bond. Polar covalent bonds, then, fall somewhere between ionic bonds at one end of the spectrum and nonpolar covalent bonds at the other end.”arrow_forwardFor hydrogen bonds, answer these three questions: A) Are they found in polar, non-polar or both types of molecules? B) Are they strong or weak? C) Are they found inside a molecule or between a molecule?arrow_forward
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