Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168130
Author: Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 19, Problem 6RQ
The ________ layer secretes chemicals that help to regulate ionic environments and strength of contraction and serve as powerful vasoconstrictors.
- pericardial sac
- endocardium
- myocardium
- epicardium
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Chapter 19 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 19 - Visit this site...Ch. 19 - Which of the following is not important in...Ch. 19 - Which valve separates the left atrium from the...Ch. 19 - Which of the following lists the valves in the...Ch. 19 - Which chamber initially receives blood from the...Ch. 19 - The ________ layer secretes chemicals that help to...Ch. 19 - The myocardium would be the thickest in the...Ch. 19 - In which septum is it normal to find openings in...Ch. 19 - Which of the following is unique to cardiac muscle...Ch. 19 - The influx of which ion accounts for the plateau...
Ch. 19 - Which portion of the ECG corresponds to...Ch. 19 - Which component of the heart conduction system...Ch. 19 - The cardiac cycle consists of a distinct...Ch. 19 - Most blood enters the ventricle during ________....Ch. 19 - The first heart sound represents which portion of...Ch. 19 - Ventricular relaxation immediately follows...Ch. 19 - The force the heart must overcome to pump blood is...Ch. 19 - The cardiovascular centers are located in which...Ch. 19 - In a healthy young adult, what happens to cardiac...Ch. 19 - What happens to preload when there is venous...Ch. 19 - Which of the following is a positive inotrope? Na+...Ch. 19 - The earliest organ to form and begin function...Ch. 19 - Of the three germ layers that give rise to all...Ch. 19 - The two tubes that eventually fuse to form the...Ch. 19 - Which primitive area of the heart will give rise...Ch. 19 - The pulmonary trunk and aorta are derived from...Ch. 19 - Describe how the valves keep the blood moving in...Ch. 19 - Why is the pressure in the pulmonary circulation...Ch. 19 - Why is the plateau phase so critical to cardiac...Ch. 19 - How does the delay of the impulse at the...Ch. 19 - How do gap junctions and intercalated disks aid...Ch. 19 - Why do the cardiac muscles cells demonstrate...Ch. 19 - Describe one cardiac cycle, beginning with both...Ch. 19 - Why does increasing EDV increase contractility?Ch. 19 - Why is afterload important to cardiac function?Ch. 19 - Why is it so important for the human heart to...Ch. 19 - Describe how the major pumping chambers, the...
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- Clusters of neurons in the medulla oblongata that regulate blood pressure are known collectively as ________. baroreceptors angioreceptors the cardiomotor mechanism the cardiovascular centerarrow_forwardBlood is carried to capillaries in the myocardium by way of: coronary arteries the coronary sinus coronary veins the fossa ovalisarrow_forwardPacemaker cells are concentrated primarily in two specific regions of the myocardium. ventricle atrium sinoatrial node aorta atrioventricular nodearrow_forward
- explanation of circulation of blood in humans it has to begin with the right atrium of the heart. It also includes these: include all the names of the chambers of the heart include the names and function of the valves in the heart include the names of the all the major vessels involved state where blood is deoxygenated (oxygen-poor) or oxygenated (oxygen-rich)arrow_forwardAssuming that the cardiac cycle begins at the end of diastole put the following ventricular phases in the correct order of occurrence. Isovolumetric relaxation phase Isovolumetric contraction phase Ejection phase Filling phase > >arrow_forwardvisceral pericardium endocardium myocardium parietal pericardium pericardial cavity The heart is covered by a pericardial sac. The outer layer of the sac is fibrous connective tissue layer called the The is a serous connective tissue layer that's directly adhered to the heart's surface. Between these two layers is the , which is filled with pericardial fluid and serves to cushion the heart. The is the thick muscular layer of the heart that makes-up the bulk of the chamber walls. It is thicker in heart chambers that pump blood farther distances, such as the left ventricle, and thinner in the atria that do not pump blood very long distances. The innermost heart layer is the , which has a slippery surface to prevent blood from sticking to the heart chamber walls.arrow_forward
- Blood in the heart chambers is separated from the myocardium by a thin membrane called the _____.arrow_forwardWhat is the tissue type for the following structures of the heart Fibrous pericardium Serous pericardium Myocardium Endocardium Right atrium right Ventricle Left Atrium Left Ventricle Auricles Papillary muscles Fossa Ovalis Pectinate Muscles Chordae Tendinae Interventricular septum Tricuspid, pulmonary, Bicuspid, mitral, and Aortic semilunar valves pulmonary trunk Pulmonary artery Aorta Arteries Sinus/veinsarrow_forwardOnce you have studied the wiggers diagram Create your own outline of the steps with a brief explanation of each step. Why each step occurs when it does; example p-wave occurs before atrial contraction becasue it is the indication that electrical current traveled through the atria to cause atrial depolorization. You should cover all major steps from start to end of a single cardiac cycle. number of steps you include are up to you depending on how you are looking at it, but make sure all major steps are coveredarrow_forward
- pericardial sac heart chamber myocardium diaphragm apex base fibrous periocardium parietal pericardium visceral pericardium epicardium endocardium pericardial cavityarrow_forwardheart chamber myocardium diaphragm apex base fibrous pericardium parietal pericardium visceral pericardium epicardium endocardium pericardial cavityarrow_forwardThe cardiac cycle includes all the events associated with the flow of blood through the heart during a single complete heartbeat. Indicate if the following statements are True/False. During isovolumetric phases, semilunar valves are open.arrow_forward
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