Exploring Macroeconomics
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781544337722
Author: Robert L. Sexton
Publisher: SAGE Publications, Inc
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Chapter 19, Problem 4P
To determine
To show:
The way a central bank conductinga
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Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
What is the basic objective of monetary policy? What are the major strengths of monetary policy? Why is monetary policy easier to conduct than fiscal policy?
In what situation is the use of Monetary Policy not effective?
In all situations monetary policy is effective.
When the economy experienced excessive economic growth
When the economy experiences a very severe recession
When the economy experiences stagflation
In 1966, Milton Friedman wrote, as he often did, some memorable lines that have entered the lexicon of economic quotables. As Friedman correctly put it in a book chapter titled “What Price Guideposts?”: “Inflation is always and everywhere a monetary phenomenon, resulting from and accompanied by a rise in the quantity of money relative to output…. It follows that the only effective way to stop inflation is to restrain the rate of growth of the quantity of money.”
While true, Friedman’s classic statement doesn’t tell us anything about what drives the growth of the money supply that fuels inflation. Hyperinflations are rather rare. The first hyperinflation occurred in France, where the mandate collapsed. In August 1796, France’s monthly inflation rate peaked at 304%. Almost half of the 58 recorded hyperinflations occurred in the 1990's and were the result of the funding deficiencies associated with the new post-communist states. Today, there is only one hyperinflation, Venezuela’s.
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- Why would a central bank implement a monetary policy when the inflation level is higher than desired, and unemployment levels are lower than expected? Describe how a central bank might go about implementing such monetary policy, the subsequent effects this has on interest rates, the quantity of money in the market, and the process through which this affects the level of expenditure in the economy.arrow_forwardWhat is the Taylor rule? how a central bank may follow the Taylor rule to conduct monetary policy?arrow_forwardWhat are the goals of monetary policy? Which goal is the most important or the principal goal?arrow_forward
- What is monetary policy, and who is responsible for creating it?arrow_forwardA problem that the Fed faces when it attempts to control the money supply is that the Fed can only control excess reserves but not total reserves. the Fed has to get the approval of the U.S. Treasury Department whenever it uses any of its monetary policy tools. the Fed does not have a tool that it can use to change the money supply by either a small amount or a large amount. the Fed does not control the amount of money that households choose to hold as deposits in banks.arrow_forwardSuppose the economy is initially at long run equilibrium, when there is an unexpected decrease in oil prices in the country.How does this impact the economy? (write out either "inflationary" or "recessionary" In response to this what monetary policy would the Fed employ? (write one of the following: "raise taxes", "lower taxes", "raise money supply", or "lower money supply"What is the most likely way the Fed will accomplish this change in the monetary policy? (write one of the following: "buy securities", "sell securities", "raise discount rate", "lower discount rate", or "legislation"This action by the Fed will cause interest rates to _______. (Write out "increase" or "decrease"The end result of the monetary policy is a shift of which curve in which direction. (Write out one of the following: "AD right", "AD left" "AS left", "AS right"arrow_forward
- What did Friedman and Phelps argue about the effectiveness of monetary policies? As long as people’s inflation expectations were fixed, an increase in the money supply growth rate could not change output in the short or long run. If people’s inflation expectations were fixed, in the short run, a decrease in the money supply growth rate could raise output and unemployment. When the money supply growth rate changed, people would eventually revise their inflation expectations so that any change in unemployment created by an increase in the money supply growth rate would be temporary. When the money supply growth rate changes, people slowly adjust their inflation expectations; therefore, the unemployment rate changes only in the long run but not in the short run.arrow_forwardMonetary policy isn't always effective: Why couldn't monetary policy pull us out of the Great recession? The Great Recession officially lasted from December 2007 to June 2009. But the effects lingered on for several years thereafter, with slow growth of real GDP and high unemployment rates. These effects all occurred despite several doses of expansionary monetary policy. Not only did the Fed push short- term interest rates to nearly 0%, but it also engaged in several rounds of quantitative easing, purchasing hundreds of billions of dollars' worth of long-term bonds. Therefore, what are three possible reasons why monetary policy was not able to restore expansionary growth during and after the Great recession?arrow_forward
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