Essential University Physics (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134202709
Author: Richard Wolfson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 19, Problem 49P
An ideal gas undergoes a process that takes it from pressure p1, and volume V1 to p2 and V2, such that
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a. Find an appropriate expression for the change in entropy in the following
two cases:
1) S=S(T, V)
2) s= S(T, P)
Where: S is entropy, T is temperature, V is volume, P is pressure
b. Prove the following two themodynamie property relationships
(똥),-()
8C,
Where: T, P. V are temperature, pressure and volume, respectively.
C, and C, are specific heats at constant volume and constant pressure, respectively.
One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas is subjected to the processes in the figure below:
State 1 has pressure P=2.8 atm, volume V=4.93 m^3 and temperature T=260 K . Volume V' is 4 times larger than V.What are the temperatures of states 2,3 and the pressure of state 2?T2=KT3=KP2= atmWhat is the entropy change, in J/K, of each thermodynamic process?ΔS1-2W= J/KΔS2-3W= J/KΔS3-1W=J/K
By considering the number of accessible states for an ideal two-dimensional gas made up of N adsorbed molecules on a surface of area A, obtain an expression for the entropy of a system of this kind. Use the entropy expression to obtain the equation of state in terms of N, A, and the force per unit length F. What is the specific heat of the two-dimensional gas at constant area?
Chapter 19 Solutions
Essential University Physics (3rd Edition)
Ch. 19.1 - Which of these processes is irreversible? (a)...Ch. 19.2 - The low temperature for a practical heat engine is...Ch. 19.3 - A clever engineer decides to increase the...Ch. 19.4 - In each of the following processes, does the...Ch. 19 - Could you cool the kitchen by leaving the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2FTDCh. 19 - Should a car get better mileage in the summer or...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4FTDCh. 19 - Name some irreversible processes that occur in a...Ch. 19 - Your power company claims that electric heat is...
Ch. 19 - A hydroelectric power plant, using the energy of...Ch. 19 - A heat-pump manufacturer claims the device will...Ch. 19 - Prob. 9FTDCh. 19 - The heat Q added during adiabatic free expansion...Ch. 19 - Energy is conserved, so why cant we recycle it as...Ch. 19 - Why doesnt the evolution of human civilization...Ch. 19 - What are the efficiencies of reversible heat...Ch. 19 - A cosmic heat engine might operate between the...Ch. 19 - A reversible Carnot engine operating between...Ch. 19 - A Carnot engine absorbs 900 J of heat each cycle...Ch. 19 - Find the COP of a reversible refrigerator...Ch. 19 - Prob. 18ECh. 19 - The human body can be 25% efficient at converting...Ch. 19 - Calculate the entropy change associated with...Ch. 19 - You metabolize a 650-kcal burger at your 37C body...Ch. 19 - You heat 250 g of water from 10C to 95C. By how...Ch. 19 - Melting a block of lead already at its melting...Ch. 19 - How much energy becomes unavailable for work in an...Ch. 19 - Prob. 25ECh. 19 - A Carnot engine extracts 745 J from a 592-K...Ch. 19 - The maximum steam temperature in a nuclear power...Ch. 19 - Youre engineering an energy-efficient house that...Ch. 19 - A power plants electrical output is 750 MW....Ch. 19 - A power plant extracts energy from steam at 280C...Ch. 19 - The electric power output of all the thermal...Ch. 19 - Consider a Carnot engine operating between...Ch. 19 - An industrial freezer operates between 0C and 32C,...Ch. 19 - Use appropriate energy-flow diagrams to analyze...Ch. 19 - Prob. 35PCh. 19 - A refrigerator maintains an interior temperature...Ch. 19 - You operate a store thats heated by an oil furnace...Ch. 19 - Use energy-flow diagrams to show that the...Ch. 19 - A heat pump extracts energy from groundwater at...Ch. 19 - A reversible engine contains 0.350 mol of ideal...Ch. 19 - (a) Determine the efficiency for the cycle shown...Ch. 19 - A 0.20-mol sample of an ideal gas goes through the...Ch. 19 - A shallow pond contains 94 Mg of water. In winter,...Ch. 19 - Estimate the rate of entropy increase associated...Ch. 19 - The temperature of n moles of ideal gas is changed...Ch. 19 - The temperature of n moles of ideal gas is changed...Ch. 19 - A 6.36-mol sample of ideal diatomic gas is at 1.00...Ch. 19 - A 250-g sample of water at 80C is mixed with 250 g...Ch. 19 - An ideal gas undergoes a process that takes it...Ch. 19 - In an adiabatic free expansion, 6.36 mol of ideal...Ch. 19 - Find the entropy change when a 2.4-kg aluminum pan...Ch. 19 - An engine with mechanical power output 8.5 kW...Ch. 19 - Find the change in entropy as 2.00 kg of H2O at...Ch. 19 - Gasoline engines operate approximately on the Otto...Ch. 19 - The compression ratio r of an engine is the ratio...Ch. 19 - In a diesel cycle, gas at volume V1 and pressure...Ch. 19 - (a) Show that the heal flowing into the diesel...Ch. 19 - Youre considering buying a car that comes in...Ch. 19 - The 54-M W wood-fired McNeil Generating Station in...Ch. 19 - A 500-g copper block at 80C is dropped into 1.0 kg...Ch. 19 - An objects heat capacity is inversely proportional...Ch. 19 - A Carnot engine extracts heat from a block of mass...Ch. 19 - In an alternative universe, youve got the...Ch. 19 - Youre the environmental protection officer for a...Ch. 19 - Find an expression for the entropy gain when hot...Ch. 19 - Problem 74 of Chapter 16 provided an approximate...Ch. 19 - The molar specific heat at constant pressure for a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 68PCh. 19 - Energy-efficiency specialists measure the heat Qh...Ch. 19 - Refrigerators remain among the greatest consumers...Ch. 19 - The refrigerators COP is a. 13. b. 2. c. 3. d. 4.Ch. 19 - The fuel energy consumed at the power plant to run...Ch. 19 - Prob. 73PP
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- In an experiment, the students used an unknown substance with a molecular weight of 28. They utilized 1kg of the unknown substance with a specific heat of 1.04kJ/kgK at constant pressure. The students also assumed that the substance operates in the same way as an Ideal Gas does. Show unit analysis and conversion. Find: a. the interval in the entropy of the substance from 47degree Celsius and 2atm to 327degree Celsius and 5atm. b. the substance's interval in internal energy.arrow_forwardA container of neon gas has the following properties: (1) 2.4 moles (2) T = 400 K (3) p = 0.8 atm. Calculate the entropy in J K-1 as a number in normal form accurate to 1 decimal place (X.X or XX.X, etc.). Do not include units in your answer. USE THE EXACT METHOD IN THE PICTURE BELOW, JUST SUB IN THE NEW VALUES IN THE QURSTION AND REPLACE THEM IN THE IMAGE PROVIDED.arrow_forwardIn discussing the energy of a physiological system, the Gibbs free energy is most relevant. Since the value of entropy cannot be known, change in the Gibbs free energy is more commonly used. In order to get reliable result we should hold all variables constant except the one we are interested in measuring. If you are interested in studying muscle contraction in this perspective, which one of the following should be measured? Select one: a. Change in pressure b. Change in electrical charge c. Change in length d. Change in temperature e. Change in number of moleculesarrow_forward
- In order to take a nice warm bath, you mix 50 liters of hot water at 55°C with 25 liters of cold water at 10°C. How much new entropy have you created by mixing the water? Can you please help me with this problem show a complete and explicit solution with an explanation step by step. Note: No shortcuts and don't skip any mathematical algebra.arrow_forwardplease answer letters a and b. avoid typing your answers a) Find the absolute entropy of nitrogen gas at 100K. (assume: heat capaciy of nitrogen gas in all its form is 1.04 kj/mol-K) b) Find the absolute entropy of uranium given cp=3.04J/mol-K at 20Karrow_forwardI have answered b but I got 4.33 Kg for A and not correct (a) What is the entropy of an Einstein solid with 4 atoms and an energy of 18ε? Express your answer as a multiple of kB . The entropy of the solid is ______ kB.(b) What is the entropy of an Einstein solid in a macropartition that contains 9 ×10 e690 microstates? Express your answer as a multiple of kB. The entropy of the solid is 1590.92kB.arrow_forward
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