During development, cells become
a. differentiated before they become determined.
b. determined before they become differentiated.
c. determined by the loss of genetic material.
d. differentiated by the loss of genetic material.
Introduction:
When an undifferentiated cell divides, it doesn’t differentiate immediately. It decides its fate before following the decision. This decision making is termed as determination. A determined cell differentiates into the cell it was determined to be.
Answer to Problem 1U
Correct answer:
A cell always determines before differentiating into a specific cell. Therefore, option b. is correct.
Explanation of Solution
Reason for the correct statement:
A cell can’t commit to a particular differentiation as soon as it divides. It first determines its fate, then it commits to be a particular cell. Moreover, a determined cell might change its fate and differentiate into a different cell type positional signaling.
Option b. is given as “determined before they become differentiated”.
As “during development, cells become determined before they become differentiated”, it is the right answer.
Hence, option b. is correct.
Reasons for the incorrect statements:
Option a. is given as “differentiated before they become determined”.
Cells first determine then differentiate not the other way around. So, it is a wrong answer.
Option c. is given as “determined by the loss of genetic material”.
The genetic loss can’t help in the determination and development of a cell. So, it is a wrong answer.
Option d. is given as “differentiated by the loss of genetic material”.
The genetic loss can’t help in the differentiation and development of a cell. So, it is a wrong answer.
Hence, options a., c., and d. are incorrect.
A cell first determines than differentiates during the course of development.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 19 Solutions
BIOLOGY VOL. II
- 4. You find that all four flower color genes map to the second chromosome, and perform complementation tests with deletions for each gene. You obtain the following results: (mutant a = blue, mutant b = white, mutant c = pink, mutant d = red) wolod Results of Complementation tests suld Jostum Mutant a b с Del (2.2 -2.6) blue white pink purple Del (2.3-2.8) blue white pink red Del (2.1 -2.5) blue purple pink purple Del (2.4-2.7) purple white pink red C d Indicate where each gene maps: a b ori ai indW (anioq 2) .8arrow_forwardlon 1. Below is a pedigree of a rare trait that is associated with a variable number repeat. PCR was performed on individuals using primers flanking the VNR, and results are shown on the agarose gel below the pedigree. I.1 1.2 II.1 II.2 II.3 II.4 II.5 II.6 11.7 III.1 III.2 III.3 III.4etum A. (5 points) What is the mode of inheritance? B. (10 points) Fill in the expected gel lanes for II.1, II.5, III.2, III.3 and III.4 C. (5 points) How might you explain the gel results for II.4?arrow_forwardTo study genes that create the purple flower color in peas, you isolate 4 amorphic mutations. Each results in a flower with a different color, described mutant a = blue mutant c = pink mutant b = white mutant d = red A. In tests of double mutants, you observe the following phenotypes: mutants a and b = blue mutants b and c = white mutants c and d = pink Assuming you are looking at a biosynthetic pathway, draw the pathway indicating which step is affected by each mutant. B. What is the expected flower color of a double mutant of a and c?arrow_forward
- Define the terms regarding immunoglobulin G: Fab, Fc, and F(ab’)2.arrow_forwardquestions about GMOs (genetically modified organisms): (1) Explain the agrobacterium-based method for GMO development. (2) What are the criteria that determine the safety of GMOs? (3) Explain how to differentiate GMO from non-GMO productarrow_forwardExplain the principle of lateral flow assay (LFA) used as a point-of-care testing (POCT) technology.arrow_forward
- The following is the partial sequence of a bacterial gene ORF: 5’ --------------------CGGAATTCCCGGGGATCC------------------------3’ (The remaining sequence of the gene ORF never affects the cloning of this gene. The multiple cloning sites of the plasmid vector can be cleaved by 8 restriction endonucleases that are listed in the table. 5’- and 3’-end sequences of the bacterial gene ORF are 5’ ATGGAGT TATCCAGGTGCCT--- and 3’AATATGGAGTTATCCAGGTGCCT---, respectively. After choosing the appropriate restriction endonuclease(s) for directional cloning using the table below, determine the sequences of two 20-mer primers used for the PCR amplification of the gene ORF.arrow_forwardExplain the terms: SNP and precision medicinearrow_forwardExplain the terms: innate immunity, adaptive immunity, major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and CAR-T.arrow_forward
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning