Essential University Physics: Volume 1 (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321993724
Author: Richard Wolfson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 19, Problem 15E
A reversible Carnot engine operating between helium’s melting point and its 4.25 K boiling point has an efficiency of 77.7%. What’s the melting point?
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Chapter 19 Solutions
Essential University Physics: Volume 1 (3rd Edition)
Ch. 19.1 - Which of these processes is irreversible? (a)...Ch. 19.2 - The low temperature for a practical heat engine is...Ch. 19.3 - A clever engineer decides to increase the...Ch. 19.4 - In each of the following processes, does the...Ch. 19 - Could you cool the kitchen by leaving the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2FTDCh. 19 - Should a car get better mileage in the summer or...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4FTDCh. 19 - Name some irreversible processes that occur in a...Ch. 19 - Your power company claims that electric heat is...
Ch. 19 - A hydroelectric power plant, using the energy of...Ch. 19 - A heat-pump manufacturer claims the device will...Ch. 19 - Prob. 9FTDCh. 19 - The heat Q added during adiabatic free expansion...Ch. 19 - Energy is conserved, so why cant we recycle it as...Ch. 19 - Why doesnt the evolution of human civilization...Ch. 19 - What are the efficiencies of reversible heat...Ch. 19 - A cosmic heat engine might operate between the...Ch. 19 - A reversible Carnot engine operating between...Ch. 19 - A Carnot engine absorbs 900 J of heat each cycle...Ch. 19 - Find the COP of a reversible refrigerator...Ch. 19 - Prob. 18ECh. 19 - The human body can be 25% efficient at converting...Ch. 19 - Calculate the entropy change associated with...Ch. 19 - You metabolize a 650-kcal burger at your 37C body...Ch. 19 - You heat 250 g of water from 10C to 95C. By how...Ch. 19 - Melting a block of lead already at its melting...Ch. 19 - How much energy becomes unavailable for work in an...Ch. 19 - Prob. 25ECh. 19 - A Carnot engine extracts 745 J from a 592-K...Ch. 19 - The maximum steam temperature in a nuclear power...Ch. 19 - Youre engineering an energy-efficient house that...Ch. 19 - A power plants electrical output is 750 MW....Ch. 19 - A power plant extracts energy from steam at 280C...Ch. 19 - The electric power output of all the thermal...Ch. 19 - Consider a Carnot engine operating between...Ch. 19 - An industrial freezer operates between 0C and 32C,...Ch. 19 - Use appropriate energy-flow diagrams to analyze...Ch. 19 - Prob. 35PCh. 19 - A refrigerator maintains an interior temperature...Ch. 19 - You operate a store thats heated by an oil furnace...Ch. 19 - Use energy-flow diagrams to show that the...Ch. 19 - A heat pump extracts energy from groundwater at...Ch. 19 - A reversible engine contains 0.350 mol of ideal...Ch. 19 - (a) Determine the efficiency for the cycle shown...Ch. 19 - A 0.20-mol sample of an ideal gas goes through the...Ch. 19 - A shallow pond contains 94 Mg of water. In winter,...Ch. 19 - Estimate the rate of entropy increase associated...Ch. 19 - The temperature of n moles of ideal gas is changed...Ch. 19 - The temperature of n moles of ideal gas is changed...Ch. 19 - A 6.36-mol sample of ideal diatomic gas is at 1.00...Ch. 19 - A 250-g sample of water at 80C is mixed with 250 g...Ch. 19 - An ideal gas undergoes a process that takes it...Ch. 19 - In an adiabatic free expansion, 6.36 mol of ideal...Ch. 19 - Find the entropy change when a 2.4-kg aluminum pan...Ch. 19 - An engine with mechanical power output 8.5 kW...Ch. 19 - Find the change in entropy as 2.00 kg of H2O at...Ch. 19 - Gasoline engines operate approximately on the Otto...Ch. 19 - The compression ratio r of an engine is the ratio...Ch. 19 - In a diesel cycle, gas at volume V1 and pressure...Ch. 19 - (a) Show that the heal flowing into the diesel...Ch. 19 - Youre considering buying a car that comes in...Ch. 19 - The 54-M W wood-fired McNeil Generating Station in...Ch. 19 - A 500-g copper block at 80C is dropped into 1.0 kg...Ch. 19 - An objects heat capacity is inversely proportional...Ch. 19 - A Carnot engine extracts heat from a block of mass...Ch. 19 - In an alternative universe, youve got the...Ch. 19 - Youre the environmental protection officer for a...Ch. 19 - Find an expression for the entropy gain when hot...Ch. 19 - Problem 74 of Chapter 16 provided an approximate...Ch. 19 - The molar specific heat at constant pressure for a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 68PCh. 19 - Energy-efficiency specialists measure the heat Qh...Ch. 19 - Refrigerators remain among the greatest consumers...Ch. 19 - The refrigerators COP is a. 13. b. 2. c. 3. d. 4.Ch. 19 - The fuel energy consumed at the power plant to run...Ch. 19 - Prob. 73PP
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- A car salesperson claims that a 300-hp engine is a necessary option in a compact car, in place of the conventional 130-hp engine. Suppose you intend to drive the car within speed limits ( 65 mi/h) on flat terrain. How would you counter this sales pitch?arrow_forwardA Carnot engine has an efficiency of 0.60. When the temperature of its cold reservoir the efficiency drops to 0.55. If initially Tc=27, determine (a) the constant value of Th and (b) the final value of Tc.arrow_forwardAt point A in a Carnot cycle, 2.34 mol of a monatomic ideal gas has a pressure of 1 4000 kPa, a volume of 10.0 L, and a temperature of 720 K. The gas expands isothermally to point B and then expands adiabatically to point C, where its volume is 24.0 L. An isothermal compression brings it to point D, where its volume is 15.0 L. An adiabatic process returns the gas to point A. (a) Determine all the unknown pressures, volumes, and temperatures as you f ill in the following table: (b) Find the energy added by heat, the work done by the engine, and the change in internal energy for each of the steps A B, B C, C D, and D A (c) Calculate the efficiency Wnet/|Qk|. (d) Show that the efficiency is equal to 1 - TC/TA, the Carnot efficiency.arrow_forward
- How could you design a Carnot engine with 100% efficiency?arrow_forwardA copper rod of cross-sectional area 5.0 cm2 and length 5.0 m conducts heat from a heat reservoir at 373 K to one at 273 K. What is the time rate of change of the universe's entropy for this process?arrow_forwardA multicylinder gasoline engine in an airplane, operating at 2.50 103 rev/min, takes in energy 7.89 103 J and exhausts 4.58 103 J for each revolution of the crankshaft. (a) How many liters of fuel does it consume in 1.00 h of operation if the heat of combustion of the fuel is equal to 4.03 107 J/L? (b) What is the mechanical power output of the engine? Ignore friction and express the answer in horsepower. (c) What is the torque exerted by the crankshaft on the load? (d) What power must the exhaust and cooling system transfer out of the engine?arrow_forward
- Which of the following is true for the entropy change of a system that undergoes a reversible, adiabatic process? (a) S 0 (b) S = 0 (c) S 0arrow_forwardA Carnot engine employs 1.5 mol of nitrogen gas as a working substance, which is considered as an ideal diatomic gas with =7.5 at the working temperatures of the engine. The Carnot cycle goes in the cycle ABCDA with AB being an isothermal expansion. The volume at points A and C of the cycle are 5.0103 m3 and 0.15 L, respectively. The engine operates between two thermal baths of temperature 500 K 300 K. (a) Find the values of volume at B and D. (b) How much heat is absorbed by the gas in the AB isothermal expansion? (c) How much work is done by the gas in the AB isothermal expansion? (d) How much heat is given up by the gas in the CD isothermal expansion? (e) How much work is done by the gas in the CD isothermal compression? (f) How much work is done by the gas in the BC adiabatic expansion? (g) How much work is done by the gas in the DA adiabatic compression? (h) Find the value of efficiency of the engine based on the net and heat input. Compare this value to the efficiency of a Carnot engine based on the temperatures of the baths.arrow_forwardUse a PV diagram such as the one in Figure 22.2 (page 653) to figure out how you could modify an engine to increase the work done.arrow_forward
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