Chemistry: The Molecular Science
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781285199047
Author: John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 18.4, Problem 18.7CE
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Use of carbon dating technique in differentiating the ethanol source in wines has to be given.
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Potassium-Argon dating is a common method of determining the age of rocks based on the time they were last liquified, and thus we can determine the age of a surface by examining the ratio of the parent K40 to the decay product Ar40. This works because argon is a gas, which will be free to bubble out of liquified rock whenever the rock is hot enough to no longer be in it's solid state (think of magma covering a surface). This means that just after the rock solidifies, there should be effectively no Ar40 remaining and that any Ar40 that we do find in the rock at the time of the collection of the sample must be due to radioactive decay.
With all of this in mind, if we find that a rock sample has 31 Ar40 atoms for every 1 K40 atom, and the half-life of K40 is 1.3 billion years, how much time has passed in years since that rock was geologically active (aka it was last liquified)?
When typing your answer, please do not use commas or scientific notation because of how Blackboard interprets…
Uranium-238 (238.050 787 0 u) is struck by a neutron (1.008 664 915 88 u) which causes it to undergo fission and produce barium-138 (137.905 247 2 u), krypton-94 (93.934 140 u), and 3 more neutrons. The enthalpy of formation of carbon dioxide is −393.5 kJ (mol C)−1. What mass of carbon (coal) must be burned to produce the same amount of energy that the fission of 10.0 kg of uranium-238 produces?
5.
Carbon-14 is a radioactive substance produced in the Earth's atmosphere and then absorbed by plants
and animals on the surface of the earth. It has a half-life of approximately 5730 years. Using this known piece of
information, scientists can date objects such as the Dead Sea Scrolls. The function N = Noe represents the
exponential decay of a radioactive substance. N is the amount remaining after time t in years, No is the initial
amount of the substance and A is the decay constant. Find the rate of change of an initial amount of 1 mg of
carbon-14 found in the scrolls, if the decay constant is given as A = 1.21 x 10o“. What is the current decay rate of a
sample If the percentage of carbon-14 atoms remaining is 65%?
Chapter 18 Solutions
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 18.1PSPCh. 18.2 - Prob. 18.1ECh. 18.2 - Prob. 18.2PSPCh. 18.2 - Prob. 18.2ECh. 18.3 - Prob. 18.3PSPCh. 18.3 - Prob. 18.3ECh. 18.3 - Prob. 18.4CECh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.4PSPCh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.5ECh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.5PSP
Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 18.6PSPCh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.7PSPCh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.6ECh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.7CECh. 18.5 - Prob. 18.8ECh. 18.5 - Prob. 18.9CECh. 18.6 - Prob. 18.10ECh. 18.6 - Prob. 18.11ECh. 18.7 - Prob. 18.12ECh. 18.8 - Prob. 18.13ECh. 18.8 - Prob. 18.14ECh. 18.9 - Prob. 18.15ECh. 18 - Prob. 1SPCh. 18 - Prob. 2SPCh. 18 - Prob. 3SPCh. 18 - Prob. 4SPCh. 18 - Prob. 5SPCh. 18 - Prob. 1QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 2QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 3QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 4QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 5QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 6QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 7QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 8QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 9QRTCh. 18 - Complete the table.Ch. 18 - Prob. 11QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 12QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 13QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 14QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 15QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 16QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 17QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 18QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 19QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 20QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 21QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 22QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 23QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 24QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 25QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 26QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 27QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 28QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 29QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 30QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 31QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 32QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 33QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 34QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 35QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 36QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 37QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 38QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 39QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 40QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 41QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 42QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 43QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 44QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 45QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 46QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 47QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 48QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 49QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 50QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 51QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 52QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 53QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 54QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 55QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 56QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 57QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 58QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 59QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 60QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 61QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 62QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 63QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 64QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 65QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 66QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 67QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 68QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 69QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 70QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 71QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 72QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 73QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 74QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 75QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 76QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 77QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 78QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 79QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 80QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 81QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 82QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 83QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 84QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 85QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 86QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 87QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 88QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 89QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 91QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 92QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 93QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 94QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 95QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 96QRTCh. 18 - Prob. 18.ACPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.BCPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.CCPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.DCPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.ECP
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- Radiocarbon dating is a method used by scientists to estimate the age of ancient objects that were once living matter, such as bone, leather, wood, or paper.All of these contain carbon, a proportion of which is carbon-14, a radioactive isotope that is continuously being formed in the upper atmosphere. Since living organisms take up radioactive carbon along with other carbon atoms, the ratio between the two forms remains constant. However, when an organism dies, the carbon-14 in its cells decays and is not replaced. Carbon-14 has a known half-life of 5730 years, so by measuring the concentration of carbon-14 in an object, scientists can determine its approximate age. One of the most successful applications of radiocarbon dating has been to determine the age of the Stonehenge monument in England (Figure). Samples taken from the remains of wooden posts were found to have a concentration of carbon-14 that was 45% of that found in living material. What is the estimated age of these posts?arrow_forwardThe isotope 232Th decays to 208Pb by the emission of six alpha particles, with a half-life of 1.39 × 1010 years. Analysis of 1.00 kg of ocean sediment shows it to contain 7.4 mg of 232Th and 4.9 × 10-3 cm3 of gaseous helium at0°C and atmospheric pressure. Estimate the age of the sediment, assuming no loss or gain of thorium or helium from the sediment since its formation and assuming that the helium arose entirely from the decay of thorium.arrow_forward14. Using a mass spectrometer, a sample of an ancient wooden object was found to have a ratio of 14C to 12C equal to 3.3×10 −13 as compared to a current biological sample, which has a ratio of 14C to ¹2C of 1.2×10 −12 (Given: t, is 5730 years) What is the age of the object? 15. For the reaction, 2 A(g) + B₂(g) → 2 AB(g) The rate law is; rate = k[A][B₂]³ At 22.0 °C, k = 1234 M-³s-¹. What would be the rate of the reaction if the concentration of A is 0.100 M and concentration of B₂ is 0.125 M.arrow_forward
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- unearth a treasure chest (you have such good luck!). Inside the chest is a beautiful clay vase. You're interested to determine the age of the vase and, remembering that you can use carbon dating to do that, you analyze the 14C content to be 1013 %. Given that [14C]o = 1010 % and t1/2= 5745 a. How old is the vase?arrow_forwardThe half-life of a decaying radioactive isotope is the time it takes for half of the original mass of the isotope to decay. M (t) If the mass (in grams) of a particular radioactive sample is given by 20e-0.32t = where t is in years, what is the half-life of that isotope? Round your answer to 2 decimal places. Do not include units. √0 €∞o αΩ [bg] {g DB I felim √0 (0) [0] 1 € Ø∞ CUN TU %90 4 0 (0) ㅁㅁ 8 + H X AI VI + î OParrow_forward(7) Carbon-14 dating is used in archeology to determine the age of items that were alive or were made from living materials. This works because the proportion of radioactive Carbon-14 to the other isotopes of Carbon is relatively constant in the atmo- sphere. (Volcanos constantly refresh the C-14 content.) A wooden tool from an archeological site is found to contain 22 micrograms of C-14, whereas a similar hnount of modern wood would contain 100 micrograms. How old is the tool? 58 surface weat..pdf JoanneCarbonell .pdf PDFarrow_forward
- Radioactive decay can be described by the following equation In A = In Ao – kt where Ao is the original amount of the substance, A is the amount of the substance remaining after time t, and k is a constant that is characteristic of the substance. For the radioactive isotope strontium-80, k is 4.08 × 10–1 hours. If the original amount of strontium-80 in a sample is 54.0 mg, how much strontium-80 remains after 1.82 hours have passed? mgarrow_forwardIn 1954 researchers found an ancient Egyptian ship that was buried near the Pyramids approximately 5000 years ago. To determine this age researchers took wood samples from the ship and dated them with precisely calibrated negatron detectors. How many ^(14) C atoms decayed per second per gram of carbon inside the detectors for an artifact that was made exactly 5000 years ago? Half-life for ^{14}C = 5730 y.arrow_forwardWater molecules contain partial positive and negative charges due to the differences in affinity for electrons between oxygen and hydrogen. The difference in electron affinity between these two elements is referred to as O Hydrogen Bonding lonic Bonding Electronegativity Electroaffinityarrow_forward
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