Chapter 18.13, Problem 31CC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the following compound has to be illustrated using benzene as the starting compound.

                                                 

Concept Introduction:

• Electrophilic substitution reactions of aromatic compounds are known as aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions. An electrophile is a species that is deficient of electrons.

• Benzene is an electron rich Aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.  The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

• The various types of electrophilic substitution reactions in benzene are – Chlorination, Bromination, Nitration, Sulfonation, Friedel Crafts Alkylation/Acylation etc.

• Apart from electrophilic substitution reactions benzene and its derivatives also undergo another special type of reactions namely Aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions.

• The criteria for aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction to occur are –

• The aromatic ring must contain a strong electron withdrawing group

• The aromatic ring must contain a leaving group

• The leaving group must be posited either ortho or para position to the strong electron withdrawing group.