Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305960060
Author: Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. Hansen
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 18, Problem 18.9E
Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the fatty acid CH3(CH2)14COOH is saturated or unsaturated is to be indicated and whether it is solid or a liquid is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A fatty acid having a long aliphatic chain with no double bond is called saturated fatty acid and a fatty acid that contains at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain is called unsaturated fatty acid. Due to the presence of a long alkyl side chain in saturated fatty acids, their packing efficiency is more than those of unsaturated fatty acids. As a result, unsaturated fatty acids possess lower melting point than saturated fatty acids. Thus, most of the saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 18.9E

The fatty acid CH3(CH2)14COOH is a saturated fatty acid and it is solid at room temperature.

Explanation of Solution

The structural formula of fatty acid CH3(CH2)14COOH is given below.

Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.9E , additional homework tip  1

Figure 1

The general name of the above fatty acid is palmitic acid. Palmitic acid has a long aliphatic chain of -C15H31 that follows the general formula of alkyl group (CnH2n+1). This shows that there is no double bond within the fatty acid chain. Therefore, the above fatty acid is a saturated fatty acid. Saturated fatty acid possesses a solid form due to favorable van der Waal’s interactions between side chains of adjacent molecule. Therefore, the saturated fatty acid is solid at room temperature.

Conclusion

The fatty acid shown in Figure 1 is a saturated fatty acid and it is solid at room temperature.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the fatty acid CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH is saturated or unsaturated is to be indicated and whether it is a solid or a liquid is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A fatty acid having a long aliphatic chain with no double bond is called saturated fatty acid and a fatty acid that contains at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain is called unsaturated fatty acid. Due to the presence of a long alkyl side chain in saturated fatty acids, their packing efficiency is more than those of unsaturated fatty acids. As a result, unsaturated fatty acids possess lower melting point than saturated fatty acids. Thus, most of the saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 18.9E

The fatty acid CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH is an unsaturated fatty acid and it is a liquid at room temperature.

Explanation of Solution

The structural formula of fatty acid CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH is given below.

Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.9E , additional homework tip  2

Figure 2

The general name of the above fatty acid is lenoleic acid. The structural formula of lenoleic acid shows that there are two double bonds in the carbon chain. Therefore, lenoleic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid. The side chain in unsaturated fatty acids possess less van der Waal’s interactions between side chains of adjacent molecule. Therefore, the unsaturated fatty acid is a liquid at room temperature.

Conclusion

The fatty acid shown in Figure 2 is an unsaturated fatty acid and it is a liquid at room temperature.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the fatty acid CH3(C14H24)COOH is saturated or unsaturated is to be indicated and whether it is a solid or a liquid is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A fatty acid having a long aliphatic chain with no double bond is called saturated fatty acid and a fatty acid that contains at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain is called unsaturated fatty acid. Due to the presence of a long alkyl side chain in saturated fatty acids, their packing efficiency is more than those of unsaturated fatty acids. As a result, unsaturated fatty acids possess lower melting point than saturated fatty acids. Thus, most of the saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 18.9E

The fatty acid CH3(C14H24)COOH is an unsaturated fatty acid and it is a liquid at room temperature.

Explanation of Solution

The structural formula of fatty acid CH3(C14H24)COOH is given below.

Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.9E , additional homework tip  3

Figure 3

The general name of the above fatty acid is palmitolic acid. The structural formula of palmitolic acid contains double bonds within the fatty acid chain. Therefore, palmitolic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid. The side chain in unsaturated fatty acids possess less van der Waal’s interactions between side chains of adjacent molecule. Therefore, the unsaturated fatty acid is a liquid at room temperature.

Conclusion

The fatty acid shown in Figure 3 is an unsaturated fatty acid and it is a liquid at room temperature.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether the fatty acid CH3(C10H20)COOH is saturated or unsaturated is to be indicated and whether it is a solid or a liquid is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A fatty acid having a long aliphatic chain with no double bond is called saturated fatty acid and a fatty acid that contains at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain is called unsaturated fatty acid. Due to the presence of a long alkyl side chain in saturated fatty acids, their packing efficiency is more than those of unsaturated fatty acids. As a result, unsaturated fatty acids possess lower melting point than saturated fatty acids. Thus, most of the saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 18.9E

The fatty acid CH3(C10H20)COOH is a saturated fatty acid and it is solid at room temperature.

Explanation of Solution

The structural formula of fatty acid CH3(C10H20)COOH is given below.

Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.9E , additional homework tip  4

Figure 4

The general name of the above fatty acid is lauric acid. Lauric acid has a long aliphatic chain of -C11H23 that follows the general formula of alkyl group (CnH2n+1). This shows that there is no double bond in the fatty acid chain. Therefore, the above fatty acid is a saturated fatty acid. Saturated fatty acid possesses a solid form due to favorable van der Waal’s interactions between side chains of adjacent molecule. Therefore, the saturated fatty acid is a solid at room temperature.

Conclusion

The fatty acid shown in Figure 4 is a saturated fatty acid and it is a solid at room temperature.

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Arrange the fatty acids from highest melting point to lowest melting point. - CH3(CH2)10COOH - CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH - CH3(CH2)4(CH=CHCH2)4(CH2)2COOH - CH3(CH2)14COOH  Select the statements about fatty acid melting points that are true.  - A saturated fatty acid with a greater molar mass has a higher melting point than a saturated fatty acid with a lower molar mass. - A saturated fatty acid with a greater molar mass has a lower melting point than a saturated fatty acid with a lower molar mass. - A saturated fatty acid has a higher melting point than an unsaturated fatty acid. - A saturated fatty acid has a lower melting point than an unsaturated fatty acid.
9. Classify each of the following as a either saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids. a. CH3-(CH2)14-COOH b. CH3-(CH2)3-(CH=CH)3-(CH₂)5-COOH C. CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)13-COOH
There are structural differences between saturated fatty acids, cis-unsaturated fatty acids, and trans-unsaturated fatty acids. • Why have some cities banned the use of trans-unsaturated fatty acids at restaurants? Trans-unsaturated fatty acids stack like unsaturated fatty acids and cost more energy to metabolize, making it substantially more dangerous to consume. Trans-unsaturated fatty acids stack like saturated fatty acids and cost more energy to metabolize, making it substantially more dangerous to consume. Trans-unsaturated fatty acids stack like saturated fatty acids and cost less energy to metabolize, making it substantially more dangerous to consume. None of the other answers are correct. O Trans-unsaturated fatty acids stack like unsaturated fatty acids and cost less energy to metabolize, making it substantially more dangerous to consume.

Chapter 18 Solutions

Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry

Ch. 18 - What structural feature of a fatty acid is...Ch. 18 - How are fats and oils structurally similar? How...Ch. 18 - From Figure 18.7, arrange the following substances...Ch. 18 - Draw the structure of a triglyceride that contains...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.15ECh. 18 - The percentage of fatty acid composition of two...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.17ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.18ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.19ECh. 18 - Why is the hydrogenation of vegetable oils of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.21ECh. 18 - Write reactions to show how each of the following...Ch. 18 - Draw the structure of a wax formed from oleic acid...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.24ECh. 18 - Draw the structure of a wax formed from stearic...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.26ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.27ECh. 18 - Draw the general block diagram structure of a...Ch. 18 - Draw the structure of a phosphoglyceride...Ch. 18 - Describe two biological roles served by the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.31ECh. 18 - What is the structural difference between a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.33ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.34ECh. 18 - List two structural differences between...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.36ECh. 18 - Describe the structural similarities and...Ch. 18 - Give another name for glycolipids. In what tissues...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.39ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.40ECh. 18 - How does the polarity of the phosphoglycerides...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.42ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.43ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.44ECh. 18 - Explain how bile salts aid in the digestion of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.46ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.47ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.48ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.49ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.50ECh. 18 - How are testosterone and progesterone structurally...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.52ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.53ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.54ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.55ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.56ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.57ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.58ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.59ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.60ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.61ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.62ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.63ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.64ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.65ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.66ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.67ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.68ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.69ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.70ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.71ECh. 18 - When a doughnut is placed on a napkin, the napkin...Ch. 18 - Fats belong to the class of organic compounds...Ch. 18 - Identify each of the following characteristics as...Ch. 18 - Identify which sex hormones testosterone,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.76ECh. 18 - In diseases of the gallbladder, which of the...Ch. 18 - Steroids are classified as: a.carbohydrates....Ch. 18 - Accumulation of cholesterol leads to the hardening...Ch. 18 - Cholesterol, in spite of its bad reputation, is an...Ch. 18 - Bile is manufactured in the: a. duodenum. b....Ch. 18 - The basic structure of cell membrane is a: a....Ch. 18 - The mineralocorticoid _____ is a product of the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.84ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.85E
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