(a)
Interpretation:
The sign of entropy change
Concept introduction:
Entropy:
Entropy is a measure of randomness (disorder). If the randomness of a system is increases then its entropy will increase.
The value of entropy increasing situations is given below:
- When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.
- When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules).
Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.
(b)
Interpretation:
The sign of entropy change
Concept introduction:
Entropy:
Entropy is a measure of randomness (disorder). If the randomness of a system is increases then its entropy will increase.
The value of entropy increasing situations is given below:
- When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.
- When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules).
- Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.
(c)
Interpretation:
The sign of entropy change
Concept introduction:
Entropy:
Entropy is a measure of randomness (disorder). If the randomness of a system is increases then its entropy will increase.
The value of entropy increasing situations is given below:
- When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.
- When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules).
- Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.
(d)
Interpretation:
The sign of entropy change
Concept introduction:
Entropy:
Entropy is a measure of randomness (disorder). If the randomness of a system is increases then its entropy will increase.
The value of entropy increasing situations is given below:
- When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.
- When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules).
- Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 18 Solutions
Bundle: General Chemistry, Loose-leaf Version, 11th + OWLv2, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card
- Use the data in Appendix G to calculate the standard entropy change for H2(g) + CuO(s) H2O() + Cu(s)arrow_forwardDefine the following: a. spontaneous process b. entropy c. positional probability d. system e. surroundings f. universearrow_forwardIndicate whether the following processes are spontaneous or nonspontaneous. (a) Liquid water freezing at a temperature below its freezing point (b) Liquid water freezing at a temperature above its freezing point (c) The combustion of gasoline (d) A ball thrown into the air (e) A raindrop falling to the ground (f) Iron rusting in a moist atmospherearrow_forward
- Sodium reacts violently with water according to the equation Na(s) + H2O() NaOH(aq) + H2(g) Without doing calculations, predict the signs of rH and rS for the reaction. Verify your prediction with a calculation.arrow_forwardFor each of the following processes, identify the systemand the surroundings. Identify those processes that arespontaneous. For each spontaneous process, identify theconstraint that has been removed to enable the process to occur: Ammonium nitrate dissolves in water. Hydrogen and oxygen explode in a closed bomb. A rubber band is rapidly extended by a hangingweight. The gas in a chamber is slowly compressed by aweighted piston. A glass shatters on the floor.arrow_forwardThe molecular scale pictures below show snapshots of a strong acid at three different instants after it is added to water. Place the three pictures in the correct order so that they show the progress of the spontaneous process that takes place as the acid dissolves in the water. Explain your answer in terms of entropyarrow_forward
- Yeast can produce ethanol by the fermentation of glucose (C6H12O6), which is the basis for the production of most alcoholic beverages. C6H12O6(aq) 2 C2H5OH() + 2 CO2(g) Calculate rH, rS, and rG for the reaction at 25 C. Is the reaction product- or reactant-favored at equilibrium? In addition to the thermodynamic values in Appendix L, you will need the following data for C6H12O6(aq): fH = 1260.0 kl/mol; S = 289 J/K mol; and fG = 918.8 kl/mol.arrow_forwardPredict the sign of S and then calculate S for each of the following reactions. a. H2(g) + 12O2(g) H2O(l) b. 2CH3OH(g) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g) c. HCl(g) H+(aq) + Cl (aq)arrow_forwardFor each process, predict whether entropy increases or decreases, and explain how you arrived at your prediction. 2 CO2(g) → 2 CO(g) + O2(g) NaCl(s) → NaCl(aq) MgCO3(s) → MgO(s) + CO2(g)arrow_forward
- For the reaction TiCl2(s) + Cl2(g) TiCl4(), rG = 272.8 kj/mol-txn. Using this value and other data available in Appendix L, calculate the value of fG for TiCl2(s).arrow_forwardDetermine whether each of the following statements is true or false. (a) An exothermic reaction is spontaneous. (b) When G° is positive, the reaction cannot occur under any conditions. (c) S° is positive for a reaction in which there is an increase in the number of moles. d) If H° and S° are both negative, G° will be negative.arrow_forwardSome water is placed in a coffee-cup calorimeter. When 1.0 g of an ionic solid is added, the temperature of the solution increases from 21.5C to 24.2C as the solid dissolves. For the dissolving process, what are the signs for Ssys, Ssurr, and Suniv?arrow_forward
- General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Modern ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305079113Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. ButlerPublisher:Cengage Learning