Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781285869759
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 18, Problem 18.6P
18-6 Name and draw structural formulas for the four
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Chapter 18 Solutions
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 18.1PCh. 18.5 - Prob. 18.2PCh. 18.5 - Prob. 18.3PCh. 18 - 18-4 Answer true or false. (a) The functional...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.5PCh. 18 - 18-6 Name and draw structural formulas for the...Ch. 18 - 18-7 Write the IUPAC name for each carboxylic...Ch. 18 - 18-8 Write the IUPAC name for each carboxylic...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.9PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.10P
Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.11PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.12PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.13PCh. 18 - 18-14 Answer true or false. (a) Carboxylic acids...Ch. 18 - 18-15 Draw a structural formula for the dimer...Ch. 18 - 18-16 Propanedioic (malonic) acid forms an...Ch. 18 - 18-17 Hexanoic (caproic) acid has a solubility in...Ch. 18 - 18-18 Propanoic acid and methyl acetate are...Ch. 18 - 18-19 The following compounds have approximately...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.20PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.21PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.22PCh. 18 - 18-23 Characterize the structural features...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.24PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.25PCh. 18 - 18-26 Answer true or false. (a) Carboxylic acids...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.27PCh. 18 - 18-28 Arrange these compounds in order of...Ch. 18 - 18-29 Complete the equations for these acid—base...Ch. 18 - 18-30 Complete the equations for these acid-base...Ch. 18 - 18-31 Formic acid is one of the components...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.32PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.33PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.34PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.35PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.36PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.37PCh. 18 - 18-38 Which is the stronger base: CH3CH2NH2 or...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.39PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.40PCh. 18 - 18-41 Complete these examples of Fischer...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.42PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.43PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.44PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.45PCh. 18 - 18-46 Procaine (its hydrochloride salt is marketed...Ch. 18 - 18-47 Methylparaben and propylparaben are used as...Ch. 18 - 18-48 4-Aminobenzoic acid is prepared from benzoic...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.49PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.50PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.51PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.52PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.53PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.54PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.55P
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- Phenols are aromatic rings with an alcohol functional group attached directly to the ring. These compounds have unique acidity and solubility for alcohol groups. Predict the solubility of this phenol in water.arrow_forward16-54 Several poisonous plants, including Atropa belladonna, contain the alkaloid atropine. The name “belladonna” (which means “beautiful lady”) probably comes from the fact that Roman women used extracts from this plant to make themselves more attractive. Atropine is widely used by ophthal mologists and optometrists to dilate the pupils for eye examination. Classify the amino group in atropine as primary, secondary, or tertiary. Locate all stereocenters in atropine. Account for the fact that atropine is almost insoluble in water (1 g in 455 mL of cold water) but atropine hydrogen sulfate is very soluble (1 g in 5 mL of cold water). Account for the fact that a dilute aqueous solution of atropine is basic (pH approximately 10.0).arrow_forward17-54 Following is the structure of immunosuppressant FK-506, a molecule shown to disrupt calcineurin-mediated signal transduction in T-lymphocytes. (a) There are three carbon—carbon double bonds present in this molecule. Which of the three has the potential for cis/trans isomerism? Assign a cis or trans con?guration to each carbon-carbon double bond that has this possibility. (b) How many stereocenters are present in this molecule? How many stereoisomers are possible for it? (c) Are there any aromatic components in this molecule? (d) Consider the two carbon atoms marked with asterisks. Assign an R or S con?guration of each stereocenter. (e) Because of the presence of a 21-member ring, this molecule is described as a macrocycle. This ring is fashioned by three types of bonds, several carbon-carbon bonds, one ester, one hemiacetal, and one amide. Locate the ester and the hemiacetal. (f) Draw the structural formula of the long chain compound that would result if the hemiacetal were to be cleaved to an alcohol and a carbonyl group.arrow_forward
- When the conjugate acid of aniline, C6H5NH3+, reacts with the acetate ion, the following reaction takes place: C6H5NH3+(aq)+CH3COO(aq)C6H5NH2(aq)+CH3COOH(aq) If Kafor C6H5NH3+ is 1.35105 and Kafor CH3COOH is 1.86105 , what is K for the reaction?arrow_forward16-28 Following is the structural formula of metformin, the hydrochloride salt of which is marketed as the antidiabetic medication Glucophage. Metformin was introduced into clinical practice in the United States in 1995 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. More than 25 million prescriptions for this drug were written in 2000, making it the most commonly prescribed brand-name diabetes medication in the nation. NH NH H3(\ 3 N N Nh2ch3 h Metformin Complete the Lewis structure for metformin, showing all valence electrons. Which nitrogen is the most likely site of protonation? Draw the structural formula of Glucophage.arrow_forward17-70 What simple chemical test could you use to distinguish between the members of each pair of com pounds? Tell what you would do, what you would expect to observe, and how you would interpret your experimental observation. (a) Benzaldehyde and cyclohexanone (b) Acetaldehyde and acetonearrow_forward
- 17-15 Draw structural formulas for the four aldehydes with the molecular formula C5H10O. Which of these aldehydes are chiral?arrow_forward8 (Chemical Connections 19C) Once it has been opened, and particularly if it has been left open to the air, a bottle of aspirin may develop a vinegar-like odor. Explain how this might happen.arrow_forward17-18 Draw structural formulas for these ketones. (a) Ethyl isopropyl ketone (b) 2-Chiorocyclohexanone (c) 2,4-Dimethyl-3-pentanone (d) Diisopropyl ketone (e) Acetone (f) 2,5-Dimethylcyclohexanonearrow_forward
- 17-73 Alcohols can be prepared by the acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes (Section 12-6B) and by the reduction of aldehydes and ketones (Section 17-4B). Show how you might prepare each of the following alcohols by (1) acid-catalyzed hydration of an alkene and (2) reduction of an aldehyde or a ketone. (a) Ethanol (b) Cyclohexanol (c) 2-Propanol (d) 1-Phenylethanolarrow_forward17-67 Draw structural formulas for these compounds. (a) 1-Chloro-2-propanone (b) 3-Hydroxybutanal (c) 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone (d) 3-Methyl-3-phenylbutanal (e) 1,3-Cyclohexanedione (f) 5-Hydroxyhexanalarrow_forward17-72 The following molecule is an enediol; each carbon of the double bond carries an —OH group. Draw structural formulas for the hydroxyketone and the a-hydroxyaldehyde with which this enediol is in equilibrium.arrow_forward
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