Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: Whether the boiling point will be the same or different for the compounds
Concept introduction: Lactic acid is an organic compound with the formula
(a)
Answer to Problem 18.49EP
The boiling point for
Explanation of Solution
The most of the properties of
(b)
Interpretation: Whether the optical activity will be the same or different for the compounds
Concept introduction: Lactic acid is an organic compound with the formula
(b)
Answer to Problem 18.49EP
The optical activity for
Explanation of Solution
The most of the properties of
Hence, the optical activity for
(c)
Interpretation: Whether the reaction with ethanol will be the same or different for the compounds
Concept introduction: Lactic acid is an organic compound with the formula
(c)
Answer to Problem 18.49EP
The the reaction with ethanol for
Explanation of Solution
The most of the properties of
Hence, the reaction with ethanol for
(d)
Interpretation: Whether the reaction with
Concept introduction: Lactic acid is an organic compound with the formula
(d)
Answer to Problem 18.49EP
The reaction with
Explanation of Solution
The two forms of lactic acid,
Hence, the reaction with
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 18 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
- Ceramide can then be used to synthesize sphingomyelin, another important molecule that is prevalent in cell membranes. 1.How does the structure of sphingomyelin differ from that of ceramide? 2.Sphingomyelin is also found in the cell membrane. Explain how you would expect to find the orientation of this molecule in the cell membrane. 3.Which amino alcohol is used in the synthesis of sphingomyelin? 4.What is particular about the amino alcohol used in in the synthesis of sphingomyelin? 5.How does your answer to #16 affect the physical properties of properties of sphingomyelin?arrow_forwardWhy are bactoprenol C55 alcohols? Why not C30, C80?arrow_forwardWrite the products of the reaction of diphenhydramine (a base) with the acid HCl shown below. Are the reactants or products more soluble in water? Briefly explain.arrow_forward
- Write TRUE if the underlined word/phrase makes the statement correct. Otherwise, write the correct WORD/PHRASE that will make the statement true. a. 2-phenylacetaldehyde is soluble with concentrated sulfuric acid due to acid-base neutralization. b. 2-phenylacetic acid has a solubility classification of A2, which means it is soluble in 5.O%NaOH and insoluble in 5.O% NaHCO3. c. Scratching the inner sides of the beaker to begin recrystallization is advised for unsaturated solutions. d. Washing with hot solvent eliminates adhered mother liquor and avoids crystal dissolution. e. To extract a nonpolar organic compound using solvent extraction, the extracting solvent must be nonpolar, and the washing solvent must be also nonpolar. f. Addition of 6.0 M NaCl extracts saponins by converting them to their salt form. g. The stationary phase in the paper chromatography experiment is the filter paper. h. When the spots have low concentration, they will not be observed as visible spots in the…arrow_forwardCaused by the severe dehydration effect of formaldehyde on tissue A. fumigation B. hydration C. searing D. soaponificationarrow_forwardWhat are the reactants needed for a complete and efficient Fischer esterification reaction? A. Excess carboxylic acid and alcohol B. Carboxylic acid and excess water C. Excess carboxylic acid and water D. Carboxylic acid and excess alcoholarrow_forward
- Mineral oil was used in Fischer Esterification to separate the ester product from the aqueous reactants, preventing the reaction from reversing upon reaction with water. Mineral oil was used for experiments at home. How would this be carried out in professional laboratories? Can something else aside from mineral oil be used?arrow_forwardWhich is False a.Reaction of an anhydride with an amine will produce an amide b.Reaction of carboxylic acid with an acid chloride in the presence of a base will produce an anhydride c.Reaction of an alcohol with an amide will produce an ester d.Reaction of carboxylic acid with thionyl chloride will produce an acyl chloridearrow_forwarda. Give at least three characteristics of dichloromethane that makes it a good extracting solvent for the alkaloid.b. Why is it necessary to remove a stopper from a separatory funnel when the liquid is being drained from it through a stopcock?c. What are emulsions? Why do they form during extractions? How is the formation of an emulsion minimized? How are emulsions removed?arrow_forward
- Write the chemical equation for the saponification reaction. Write the chemical equation for the synthesis of detergent. Explain the cleaning property of soaps and synthetic detergents based on their emulsifying action. Between soap and synthetic detergent, which is a better cleaning agent in hard water? Explain in 1 – 3 sentences.arrow_forwardDraw and label the following structure below 1. Tartaric acid + NaOH + KMnO4 2. citric acid + NaOH + KMnO4 3.Hydroxamic test for esters 4. hydrolysis reaction for acetic anhydride 5. hydrolysis reaction for acetamidearrow_forwardCalculate the theoretical mass of benzil that can be reduced to hydrobenzoin using 100 mg NaBH4arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY