Chapter 18, Problem 18.39P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for the oxidation of most of the ceramics to be not considered as a problem needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

• Oxidation is a process in which the materials react with oxygen and other gases.
• Oxidation occurred in metal by the standard free energy of formation for oxide.
• Pilling Bedworth ratio is the ratio of oxide volumes per metal to the metal volume per metal.
• If the oxide occupies a lesser volume than the metal, the Pilling − Bed worth ratio is less than one.
• Ceramics are inorganic compounds of metals or nonmetals.
• Ceramics have strong atomic bonding in covalent and ionic bonding.
• Oxidation degrades the material and temperature is a major driving force for oxidation.