PRIN.OF CORPORATE FINANCE
PRIN.OF CORPORATE FINANCE
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781260013900
Author: BREALEY
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 17, Problem 6PS

MM’s propositions What is wrong with the following arguments?

  1. a. As the firm borrows more and debt becomes risky, both stock- and bondholders demand higher rates of return. Thus, by reducing the debt ratio, we can reduce both the cost of debt and the cost of equity, making everybody better off.
  2. b. Moderate borrowing doesn’t significantly affect the probability of financial distress or bankruptcy. Consequently, moderate borrowing won’t increase the expected rate of return demanded by stockholders.
  3. c. A capital investment opportunity offering a 10% internal rate of return is an attractive project if it can be 100% debt-financed at an 8% interest rate.
  4. d. The more debt the firm issues, the higher the interest rate it must pay. That is one important reason that firms should operate at conservative debt levels.
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Suppose company Z is already in financial distress and the equity holders are very close to default. Suddenly there is a shock that causes an increase in the standard deviation of the return on company Z's assets. Which of the following correctly describes the new situation faced by company Z? A) Debt value will increase with the shock and equity holder are more likely to default. B) Equity value will increase with the shock and equity holder are less likely to default. C) Both Debt value and equity value will increase but the likelihood of default is unchanged. D) Both debt value and equity value will decrease and the likehood of default will increase.
(b) Assume that Modigliani-Miller Propositions 1 and 2 hold. Ex- plain carefully why the conclusion of each of the following argu- ments is incorrect: (i) As a firm borrows more and debt becomes risky, both share- holder and bondholders demand higher rates of return. Thus, by reducing its debt ratio, a firm can reduce both the cost of debt and the cost of equity. (ii) As leverage increases, the ratio of the market value of a firm's equity to income (after debt interest) increases.
8. Which of the following does the trade-off theory predict? A. Bankruptcy costs mean having no debt is always optimal. B. Reducing leverage always reduces firm value. C. In the long run the firm's capital structure converges to the optimal one. D. None of the above.
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