Microbiology With Diseases By Taxonomy (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134832302
Author: Robert W. Bauman Ph.D.
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 17, Problem 6CT
Summary Introduction
To determine:
How some researchers can distinguish between B and T cells without killing them.
Introduction:
Any individual could be immune to a disease (infectious) by 2 artificial methods; passive and active immunization. Active immunization includes administering antigens to a person so that he mounts an adaptive response, whereas passive immunization acquires a temporary immunity. There are two types of lymphocytes which are most abundantly present; B and T lymphocytes.
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You have acquired a vial of immature B cells and would like to use them to generate and harvest antibodies against a specific pathogen
of interest. You do not have access to T cells. How might you produce antibody from the B cells you have?
Add high concentrations of TI-1 antigen to the culture medium.
Add low concentrations of TI-2 antigen to the culture medium.
Add high concentrations of TI-2 antigen to the culture medium.
Add low concentrations of TI-1 antigen to the culture medium.
Although the immune system has two arms, it has been said, “No T cells, no immunity.” How is this so?
Superantigensa) are exceptionally large antigen molecules.b) cause a very large antibody response.c) elicit a response from a large number of T cells.d) attach non-specifically to B-cell receptors.e) assist in a protective immune response.
Chapter 17 Solutions
Microbiology With Diseases By Taxonomy (6th Edition)
Ch. 17 - Prob. 2TMWCh. 17 - Prob. 1MCCh. 17 - Prob. 2MCCh. 17 - Prob. 3MCCh. 17 - Prob. 4MCCh. 17 - Prob. 5MCCh. 17 - Prob. 6MCCh. 17 - Prob. 8MCCh. 17 - Prob. 10MCCh. 17 - Prob. 11MC
Ch. 17 - Prob. 12MCCh. 17 - Prob. 13MCCh. 17 - Prob. 14MCCh. 17 - Prob. 1TFCh. 17 - Prob. 2TFCh. 17 - Prob. 3TFCh. 17 - Prob. 4TFCh. 17 - ___________________ ELISA has basically replaced...Ch. 17 - Match the characteristic in the first column with...Ch. 17 - Identify the chemicals represented by this artists...Ch. 17 - Prob. 2VICh. 17 - Prob. 1SACh. 17 - What are the advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 17 - Compare the advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 17 - Prob. 4SACh. 17 - Prob. 5SACh. 17 - Compare and contrast herd immunity and contact...Ch. 17 - Prob. 7SACh. 17 - Is it ethical to approve the use of a vaccine that...Ch. 17 - Prob. 2CTCh. 17 - Discuss the importance of costs and technical...Ch. 17 - Prob. 4CTCh. 17 - Prob. 5CTCh. 17 - Prob. 6CTCh. 17 - Prob. 7CTCh. 17 - Prob. 8CTCh. 17 - Explain why many health organizations promote...Ch. 17 - Contrast a hemagglutination test with a viral...Ch. 17 - Prob. 11CTCh. 17 - Prob. 12CTCh. 17 - Prob. 1CM
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- Herd immunity means that the entire population (not just those who are vaccinated) are protected from a disease. What is one way that herd immunity protects an unvaccinated person (such as an infant who is too young to be vaccinated or a person who is immunocompromised)?arrow_forwardWhich of the following cells in the diagram shown below phagocytizes antigen-antibody complexes and is effective against parasitic worms? Courtesy Michael Ross, University of Florida А В C D E a) A O b) B c) C d) D O el Earrow_forwardHelper T cells: A) produce antibodies B) can act as memory cells C) initiate both the cell mediated response and the humoral response D) all of the abovearrow_forward
- Which of the following is TRUE regarding Gram negative bacteria? a- Their cell wall is composed of a large proportion of sugars b- Their cell wall does not absorb the Gram stain and turns pink c- Their cell wall is composed of a small proportion of peptidoglycan d- Two of the above statements are true Which T-lymphocytes activate the B-cell response? 1- suppressor T-cells. 2- cytotoxic T-cells. 3- helper T-cells. 4- memory T-cells. Substances that are injected containing an antigen to stimulate the immune system to respond are called a- antibodies b- medications. c- vaccines d- antibioticsarrow_forwardWhich of the following destroys virus-infected cells? Question 6 options: A) cytotoxic T cells B) B cells C) T helper cells D) dendritic cellsarrow_forwardGranzyme and perforin are used by what cell type in the immune system to carry out its function? O 1) TH1 O 2) Neutrophil 3) Cytotoxic T cell O 4) Eosinophilarrow_forward
- An antigen acts is a molecule that acts like a name tag, allowing the immune system to recognize the cell it is attached to. The name tag might say: "Hello I'm... a deadly virus," or “Hello I'm... a healthy human cell." It is very important that an antigen for a deadly virus and a healthy human cell are very different, so that the immune system does not make a mistake and attack healthy human body cells. Which of the following molecules do you think would make good antigens for recognizing a pathogen? Justify your answer. You may choose more than one. 1) a cell wall protein 2) a piece of DNA inside a cell 3) a protein that is part of a flagella 4) a uniquely shaped protein that is part of a virus 5) a protein that is only made by prokaryotic cells 6) a protein that is only made by eukaryotic cellsarrow_forwardGenerally, polysaccharides are not good antigens, because B cells that recognize them cannot get T-cell help. But for some pathogens, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae opsonization by antibodies that bind the thick polysaccharide "capsule" layer surrounding the bacteria is the major mechanism of clearing the infection. As expected, a pure polysaccharide vaccine is not terribly effective, but much better immunity is achieved by vaccinating with a polysaccharide covalently linked "conjugated" to an unrelated protein. Explain how this conjugate vaccine allows B cells capable of making anti-polysaccharide antibodies.arrow_forwardOne of the first human proteins cloned was interferon. Why would it be important to be able to produce interferon in a lab?arrow_forward
- Use the following choices for the next set of questions. A choice may be used zero or more times: a)MHC class I b) MHC class Il C) both MHC class I and II d) neither MHC class | or II e) cannot be determined 21) expressed on T cells 22) captures antigens present in endosomes 23) strongly affected by proteasomal inhibition 24) downregulated by many viruses 25) the genes responsible for expression are monomorphic, meaning that identical alleles are shared throughout the populationarrow_forwardA researcher performs an experiment where he infects 2 mice (Mouse A and Mouse B) with herpes simplex virus (HSV). To measure the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells from Mouse A, he isolates CD8+ T cells from Mouse A and co-cultures them with a mixture of HSV-infected spleen cells from Mouse B. A day later, he checks the co-culture, but none of the infected spleen cells from Mouse B have been killed. What could explain this observation? a.Mouse B does not express the invariant chain (Ii) b.Mouse A and Mouse B express different MHC alleles c.Mouse A does not express TLR2/6 d.HSV immunoevasins block MHC-II expressionarrow_forwardHow could you distinguish the type of T cell that is active in an immune response? What outcomes would you be looking for to help determine which T cell is producing that result? Explain and provide examples.arrow_forward
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