LAUNCHPAD F/WHAT IS LIFE
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781319231897
Author: PHELAN
Publisher: Macmillan Higher Education
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Chapter 17, Problem 5SA
Summary Introduction
To review:
The energy flow through an ecosystem and how it influences the number of top carnivores.
Introduction:
Energy flows from the producers (the plants), to herbivores, carnivores and top carnivores.
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Assume that humans are the second-level carnivores and that each energy unit in their level represents 25 people. How many people can be supported in the ecosystem?
The average efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels is 10%. Use this efficiency to determine how much phytoplankton mass is required to add just 1 gram (0.04 ounce) of new mass to a killer whale, which is a third-level or top carnivore. Create a diagram that summarizes the different trophic levels and the relative size and abundance of organisms at each level. How would your answer change if the efficiency were half the average rate? Twice the average rate?
Which of the following statements BEST describes energy transfer in an ecosystem?
A.
If the primary producer has 175,000 kcal available, the secondary consumer will receive 17,500 kcal from the primary consumer.
B.
If the primary consumer has 175,000 kcal available, the secondary consumer will receive 17,500 kcal from the primary consumer.
C.
If the primary consumer has 175,000 kcal available, the tertiary consumer will receive 175 kcal from the secondary consumer.
D.
If the primary producer has 175,000 kcal available, the tertiary consumer will receive 17,500 kcal from the secondary consumer.
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- A trade-off of heterotrophic carnivores in gaining energy is that food is: scarce but it's easy to capture and kill their very nutritious food. abundant but it's nutritious. scarce but it's nutritious. abundant but it's difficult to capture and kill their very nutritious food.arrow_forwardEnergy transferred from one trophic level to the next in an ecosystem is measured in calories, numbers, and in biomass. If a rangeland has a biomass of 100, 000g/m2 from the grass, how much biomass will be available in human beings who eat the cow that eat that grass?arrow_forwardGive an account of energy flow in an ecosystem.arrow_forward
- A freshwater lake ecosystem has a total primary production of 20,000 kcal. Zooplankton, which are primary consumers, feed on the phytoplankton. Small fish, which are secondary consumers, feed on the zooplankton. Larger fish, which are tertiary consumers, feed on the small fish. How much energy would be available to the tertiary consumers according to the 10% energy rule? 200 20,000 20 2,000 0 2arrow_forwardQ1: How is a decomposer different from a more typical consumer? Q2: What is the difference between how carbon is brought into the biotic portion of the ecosystem, and how other nutrients, such as phosphorus, are brought in? Q3: Describe all the points at which heat is lost in this figure.arrow_forwardDescribe the flow of energy through an ecosystem.arrow_forward
- How does energy movee through an ecosystem from one trophic level to the next and what is the consequences of human diet choices on ecosystem resources?arrow_forwardWhat is a food web? How does the amount of primary productivity influence the number of trophic levels in a food web as well as the number of species at the top? Explain the difference between top down and bottom up control in food webs.arrow_forwardHow much energy is passed from one trophic level to the next? Explain why.arrow_forward
- The position of an organism within a food web is described by its trophic level. When modeling energy dynamics of a food web, losses of energy at these different levels produces a pyramid-shaped distribution of available energy. True or False?arrow_forwardTrophic Cascade Concept Map Primary Producers: Include at least two different types of primary producers (plants, algae, or other autotrophs) in the ecosystem. Herbivores: Identify herbivores that feed on the primary producers you chose or invented. Include 2 different species that might consume your primary producers Primary and/or Secondary Carnivores Introduce at least 2 carnivores that prey on herbivores or other carnivores. Demonstrate a cascading effect on the ecosystem. Biotic Interactions-Highlight various biotic interactions, such as mutualism, competition, and especially predation, among different organisms in the community.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true of trophic relationships in an ecosystem? All energy in the food chain is ultimately transferred to top level carnivores Most of the useable energy transferred between trophic levels is maintained--very little is lost The trophic pyramid predicts that top level carnivores should have the least amount of biomass in an ecosystem Net productivity is typically a measure of over-all photosynthesis in an ecosystemarrow_forward
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