Microeconomics
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781337617406
Author: Roger A. Arnold
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 17, Problem 3QP
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Identify the shaded area.
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The cost (supply) of each "unit" of NPR (National Public Radio) is P=9. Derek's valuation for each unit of NPR (demand) is
given by Pp=20-2Q, and Kim's valuation is given by Pg=10-Q.
The social valuation of NPR is Ps=
Q.
The socially optimal amount of NPR is
units.
Without intervention, the private market would lead to an
of NPR.
Suppose the government decides to subsidize NPR in order to achieve the socially optimal amount of NPR.
The total demand function is Qr=
P.
The appropriate subsidy is $
(include 2 decimals) per unit of NPR.
Acceptable social norms and social recognition act like corrective taxes and subsidies. Social norms act as a corrective tax
by discouraging people from partaking in an action that will cause a negative externality by fear or shame of being judged
harshly by others in society.
Likewise social recognition can act as a corrective subsidy and cause people to partake in more activities that will create
positive externalities.
Classify the following examples of social norms by whether the behavior is undertaken to avoid society's judgement, i.e.,
working as a corrective tax, or to receive social recognition, i.e., working as a corrective subsidy.
Corrective Tax
Corrective Subsidy
Show the market for cigarettes in equilibrium, assuming that there are no laws banning smoking in public. Label the equilibrium private market price and quantity as Pm and Qm. Add whatever is needed to the model to show the impact of the negative externality from second-hand smoking. (Hint: In this case it is the consumers, not the sellers, who are creating the negative externality.) Label the social optimal output and price as Pe and Qe. On the graph, shade in the deadweight loss at the market output.
Chapter 17 Solutions
Microeconomics
Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 1STCh. 17.1 - Prob. 2STCh. 17.2 - Prob. 1STCh. 17.2 - Prob. 2STCh. 17.2 - Prob. 3STCh. 17.2 - Prob. 4STCh. 17.3 - Prob. 1STCh. 17.3 - Prob. 2STCh. 17.3 - Prob. 3STCh. 17.4 - Prob. 1ST
Ch. 17.4 - Prob. 2STCh. 17.4 - Prob. 3STCh. 17.5 - Prob. 1STCh. 17.5 - Prob. 2STCh. 17.5 - Prob. 3STCh. 17 - Prob. 1QPCh. 17 - Prob. 2QPCh. 17 - Prob. 3QPCh. 17 - Prob. 4QPCh. 17 - Prob. 5QPCh. 17 - Prob. 6QPCh. 17 - Prob. 7QPCh. 17 - Prob. 8QPCh. 17 - Prob. 9QPCh. 17 - Prob. 10QPCh. 17 - Prob. 11QPCh. 17 - Prob. 12QPCh. 17 - Economists sometimes shock noneconomists by...Ch. 17 - Prob. 14QPCh. 17 - Prob. 15QPCh. 17 - Prob. 1WNGCh. 17 - Prob. 2WNGCh. 17 - Prob. 3WNG
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- National Public Radio (NPR) is a public good. The cost (supply) of each "unit" of NPR is P=2. Derek's valuation for each unit of NPR (demand) is given by PD=10-Q, and Kim's valuation is given by PK-4-0.25Q. The total social valuation (demand) of NPR is Ps= Q. The socially optimal amount of NPR is units. Without intervention, the private market would lead to an ♦ of NPR.arrow_forwardEducation confers many external benefits on society: a higher-paid workforce, more technological innovation, a more informed electorate, and so on. Therefore, the market equilibrium quantity of education is not equal to the socially optimal quantity. The following graph shows the demand for education (its private value), the supply of education (the private cost of producing it), and the social value of education, including both the private value and external benefits. Use the black point (plus symbol) to indicate the market equilibrium quantity. Next, use the purple point (diamond symbol) to indicate the socially optimal quantity.arrow_forwardSuppose that externalities exist in the market for rice (e.g., pollution and wastes dumped in nearby water reservoir producing ice cream) and this has inflicted damage to nearby community. The associated marginal damage was estimated as MD = 2Q. Sketch, in the same diagram, the MD (marginal damage) associated with this good’s production. Explain why MD curve is upward sloping.arrow_forward
- Scenario 3 Suppose there are one hundred residents in a neighborhood, and each resident has an identical demand for a public good. The demand for each resident is given by P = 2 - .01Q. If your answer is not a whole number, please make sure to round to the nearest hundredth. Refer to Scenario 3. Find the social demand curve for the public good in this neighborhood. What is the y-intercept of the social demand curve?arrow_forwardConsider the market for accidental life insurance where firms are perfectly competitive (earn zero profit) and advantageous selection exists. Note that, like adverse selection in health insurance, advantageous selection has MC and AC that are positively correlated. Unlike adverse selection, however, MC and AC are increasing in Q under advantageous selection. More specifically, suppose that P = 280 - Q, MC = 40 + 2Q, and AC = 40 + Q. What is the free market equilibrium price and quantity? What is the socially optimal quantity? What price would support the sale of such a quantity? Are firm profits positive or negative at such a price? What is the deadweight loss from the free market equilibrium? What is the deadweight loss if the market for accidental life insurance is outlawed?arrow_forwardNational Public Radio (NPR) is a public good. The cost (supply) of each "unit" of NPR is P=2. Derek's valuation for each unit of NPR (demand) is given by PD=10–Q, and Kim's valuation is given by PK=4–0.25Q.The total social valuation (demand) of NPR is PS=Answer-AnswerQ.The socially optimal amount of NPR is Answer units. Without intervention, the private market would lead to an Answer of NPR.arrow_forward
- Externalities Mark owns a butchery. His marginal cost of selling meat is MC = 0.35Q, where Q is the pounds of meat he sells. Mark is in a competitive market and can sell all the meat he wishes for $7 per pound. However, the smell from the butchery bothers the customers of George, the owner of the coffee shop next door. Assume that every pound of meat costs George $1.4 worth of lost business. If Mark focuses on maximizing his profit, how much would he sell? At the profit-maximizing quantity from part a, does selling the last pound of meat benefit the society. Calculate the social marginal cost and compare it to the marginal benefit. Note that here “society” refers to Mark and George. What is the socially optimal quantity of meat sold?arrow_forwarda) What is meant by Pareto efficiency in economics? Explain. b) List two examples of market failures that are relevant for environmental economics.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a negative externality connected to attending college? A) The fact that completion of a college degree acts as a signaling mechanism to employers. B) The fact that other costs, such as books and materials, are incurred in addition to tuition and fees. C) The fact that your college has required that all individuals living in student housing either get or show they have already obtained vaccinations against all communicable diseases. D) The fact that the people in the next room play loud music at hours you want to sleep. E) The fact that you will get benefits from college that you don't currently anticipate.arrow_forward
- The figure below shows the market for higher education. The market demand curve for higher education reflects only the marginal private benefit (MPB) that individuals receive. Since this is a market with positive externalities, suppose the government provides a subsidy to consumers of higher education (students) that is equal to the marginal social benefit (MSB) minus the marginal private benefit (MPB), in this case, $8, 000 per student. With the subsidy, the demand curve will shift and become the same as the marginal social benefit (MSB) curve. Move the demand curve below to illustrate this shift. Be sure to take the exact size of the subsidy into account. Precise answers are required. Provide your answer below: 18 16 14 S(MPC) 10 -8 O Market Equilibrium (800,8) Social Equilibrium (800,8) -6 -4- 2- D(MPB) 16001800 1000 1200 Quantity (in thousands of college degrees) -200 0 200 400 600 800 1400 -2 Price (in thousands of $)arrow_forwardSuppose the production possibility frontier for an economy that produces one public good (x) and one private good (y) is given by 100x + y = 5,000. This economy is populated by 100 identical individuals, each with a utility function of the form utility = Vxy, where y, is the individual's share of private good production (= y/100). Notice that the public good is nonexclusive and that everyone benefits equally from its level of production.arrow_forwardSuppose a positive externality is associated with college enrollment. Assume that college instruction is sold in a competitive market and that the marginal social cost of providing it increases with enrollment. Show how a corrective subsidy to college students will increase the market price of instruction. Show the net gain in well-being possible from the subsidy and the amount of tax revenue required to finance its costs on your graph. Note:- Do not provide handwritten solution. Maintain accuracy and quality in your answer. Take care of plagiarism. Answer completely. You will get up vote for sure.arrow_forward
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