SEELEY'S ANATOMY CUSTOM LL
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781260533699
Author: VanPutte
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Chapter 17, Problem 3CT
Summary Introduction
To analyze:
The method to detect the hormone-response intracellular mediator and nuclear receptor mechanism.
Introduction:
A receptor is a molecule that is present inside or on the surface of the cell. This receptor molecule binds to its compatible signal molecule or ligand and initiates a cellular response that brings about a physiological process.
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The binding of small amounts of hormones to target cell receptors triggers an intricate signal cascade. Why is the signal cascade necessary? Why not just have a simple molecularmechanism between the hormone and cellular effect?
Suppose that the circulating concentration of hor-mone is 10–10 M and the Kd for binding to its receptor is 10–8M. What fraction of the receptors will have hormone bound?If a meaningful physiological response occurs when 50% ofthe receptors have bound a hormone molecule, how muchwill the concentration of hormone have to rise to elicit aresponse? The fraction of receptors (R) bound to hormone(H) to form a receptor–hormone complex (R–H) is [R–H]/([R] + [R–H]) = [R–H]/[R]TOT = [H]/([H] + Kd).
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Chapter 17 Solutions
SEELEY'S ANATOMY CUSTOM LL
Ch. 17.1 - Name and describe the four classes of chemical...Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 2AYPCh. 17.1 - In what ways does the nervous system differ from...Ch. 17.1 - How does an endocrine gland differ from an...Ch. 17.2 - Prob. 5AYPCh. 17.2 - Prob. 6AYPCh. 17.2 - Prob. 7AYPCh. 17.2 - What effect does a bound hormone have on the...Ch. 17.2 - What are the two chemical categories of hormones?...Ch. 17.2 - Describe how the chemical nature of a hormone...
Ch. 17.2 - Prob. 11AYPCh. 17.2 - Why do organs regulated by protein hormones have...Ch. 17.2 - Prob. 13AYPCh. 17.2 - Describe chronic, acute, and episodic patterns of...Ch. 17.3 - Describe and give examples of the three major ways...Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 16AYPCh. 17.4 - What characteristics ofa hormone receptor make...Ch. 17.4 - What is down-regulation, and what may cause it to...Ch. 17.4 - Prob. 19AYPCh. 17.4 - What are the two classes of hormone receptors? How...Ch. 17.4 - Prob. 21AYPCh. 17.4 - Prob. 22AYPCh. 17.4 - Prob. 23AYPCh. 17.4 - What two ways can a membrane-bound receptor use to...Ch. 17.4 - Explain how the hormone-receptor complex can alter...Ch. 17.4 - List four intracellular mediators affected by G...Ch. 17.4 - Prob. 27AYPCh. 17.4 - Prob. 28AYPCh. 17.4 - Prob. 29AYPCh. 17.4 - Prob. 30AYPCh. 17 - Prob. 1RACCh. 17 - Prob. 2RACCh. 17 - Which of these can regulate the secretion of a...Ch. 17 - Prob. 4RACCh. 17 - Prob. 5RACCh. 17 - Concerning the half-lifeof hormones, a....Ch. 17 - Prob. 7RACCh. 17 - Prob. 8RACCh. 17 - Prob. 9RACCh. 17 - Prob. 10RACCh. 17 - Prob. 11RACCh. 17 - Which of these can limit a cell's response to a...Ch. 17 - Prob. 13RACCh. 17 - Prob. 14RACCh. 17 - When a hormone binds to a nuclear receptor a. DNA...Ch. 17 - Prob. 16RACCh. 17 - Prob. 1CTCh. 17 - Prob. 2CTCh. 17 - Prob. 3CTCh. 17 - Prob. 4CTCh. 17 - Prob. 5CTCh. 17 - Prob. 6CTCh. 17 - Thyroid hormones are important in regulating the...Ch. 17 - Prob. 8CTCh. 17 - Prob. 9CT
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- A hormone molecule binds to a receptor on a cell membrane. It doesnt enter the cell; rather, the binding activates a second messenger inside the cell that triggers an amplified response to the hormonal signal. Is the signaling molecule a steroid or a nonsteroid hormone?arrow_forwardPlace the following steps (showing how a steroid hormone changes the activities of its target cells) in order of what happens first, second, third, fourth, and last. Refer to image. The hormone-receptor complex enters the nucleus of the cell and binds to the DNA. The steroid hormone passes through the cell membrane. The hormone attaches to a receptor in the cytoplasm, forming a hormone-receptor complex. A gene in the DNA is activated, and transcription and translation take place. Proteins that alter the cell′s activities, such as enzymes, are made. 2. Place the following steps (showing how a hydrophilic hormone changes the activities of its target cells) in order of what happens first, second, third, and last. Refer to image. The activity of the target cell is changed by the final enzyme in the cascade. The second messenger activates or deactivates certain enzymes in a cascade fashion. A second messenger is activated. Hormone binds to a receptor protein.arrow_forwardWhich of the following occurs when a hormone binds to an intracellular receptor? a) Activation of cAMP b) Activation of genes c) Altered enzyme activitiesarrow_forward
- How could the origin of endocrine control systems lie in ordinary cellular events? How might the earliest multicellular organisms have evolved some sort of endocrine coordination?arrow_forwardProgesterone is a steroid hormone that is produced by the placenta during pregnancy. Based on its structure (shown below), explain why progesterone’s effects are mediated by a receptor located inside the cell rather than on the cell membrane.arrow_forwardIf a hormone interacts with a membrane-bound receptor, then the cell’s DNA will be stimulated to synthesize and secrete a protein. True or False?arrow_forward
- Please give the answers onlyarrow_forwardDistinguish between the steroid and nonsteroid group of nuclear hormone receptors. Explain the central role of vitamin A in the actions of the nonsteroid group of receptors.arrow_forwardCan you please describe the role of G proteins in ligand-activated cellular signal transduction.arrow_forward
- BPA is a chemical found in plastics that can alter hormonal signaling specifically through interactions with the _______________ receptor. This receptor is an __________________ signaling receptor. Group of answer choices LH; extracellular progesterone; intracellular testosterone; intracellular estrogen; extracellular estrogen; intracellulararrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a true statement? A.) steroid and thyroid hormone signaling would be impaired if the plasma level of carrier proteins is not optimal. B.) Steroid and thyroid hormone-receptor complexes form dimers when they bind to the hormone-response elements on DNA C.) Epinephrine uses the adenylate cyclase and the phospholipase C second messenger systems D.) signaling by a peptide hormone would be impaired if a second messenger system is not functional in the target cell E.) signaling by a steroid hormone would be hindered if the adenylated cyclase second messenger system is not functional in the target cell.arrow_forwardAll of the following statements relating to endocrine signaling are correct EXCEPT:arrow_forward
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