Chapter 17, Problem 19A

Summary Introduction

To describe:

A cladogram and the types of characters that are used and the judgements about the characters.

Introduction:

Cladogram gives a sketch of phylogenetic systematics for visualizing and comparing the groups of organisms with their most common ancestors.

Explanation of Solution

To make a cladogram

1. Choose the organisms for the cladogram: Take 4-6 organisms of the same order or family to compare with other organisms.
2. Try choosing one ancestral and on derived organism: Link and compare the ancestral characteristic of different animals in one outgroup.
3. Choose and write the derived characteristic of the subgroups in however number of parts as required.
4. Construct and draw the cladogram by placing all the groups and subgroups.

Conclusion

Cladogram is a sketch representing a relationship between different groups of animals known as phylogeny. Scientist study phylogenetic systematics for visualizing and comparing the groups of organisms with their most common ancestors.