Loose Leaf For Explorations: Introduction To Astronomy
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781260432145
Author: Thomas T Arny, Stephen E Schneider Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Question
Chapter 16, Problem 7P
To determine
The time period of the star orbiting around the black hole at the center of our galaxy and compare the answer to the path of star S0-20 from figure 16.27B.
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The Tully-Fischer method relies on being able to relate the mass of a galaxy to its rotation velocity. Stars in the outer-most regions of the Milky Way galaxy, located at a distance of 50 kpc from the galactic centre, are observed to orbit at a speed vrot = 250 km s−1. Using Kepler’s 3rd Law, determine the mass in the Milky Way that lies interior to 50 kpc. Express your answer in units of the Solar mass.
If the book's example of the Schwarzchild radius of the supermassive black hole Sag A* with a mass of ~4 million (aka 4*10^6) solar masses is approximately 1.2*10^10 m (or rewritten as 12*10^9 m), what would be the Schwarzchild radius of something with the mass of Jupiter (~0.001 or 10^(-3) solar masses) be? How does this compare to the size of an average person (~1.5 m)?
The Sun is moving at 220 ??/? around the Galactic Center at a more-or-less constant distance of 8.5 ???. To appreciate how remarkable this is, consider the following questions:
a) How massive would the Sun have to be for the Earth to have an orbital velocity of 220 km/s at 1 AU?
b) How fast would the Earth move if it was in orbit around the Sun at a distance of 8.5 kpc? Of course, you may ignore the effects of all other stars in this calculation.
Chapter 16 Solutions
Loose Leaf For Explorations: Introduction To Astronomy
Ch. 16 - Prob. 1QFRCh. 16 - How do we know our Galaxy is a flat disk?Ch. 16 - Prob. 3QFRCh. 16 - Prob. 4QFRCh. 16 - Prob. 5QFRCh. 16 - Prob. 6QFRCh. 16 - Prob. 7QFRCh. 16 - Prob. 8QFRCh. 16 - Prob. 9QFRCh. 16 - Prob. 10QFR
Ch. 16 - Prob. 11QFRCh. 16 - Prob. 12QFRCh. 16 - Prob. 13QFRCh. 16 - Prob. 14QFRCh. 16 - Prob. 15QFRCh. 16 - Prob. 16QFRCh. 16 - Prob. 17QFRCh. 16 - Prob. 18QFRCh. 16 - Prob. 19QFRCh. 16 - Prob. 20QFRCh. 16 - Prob. 21QFRCh. 16 - Prob. 1TQCh. 16 - Prob. 2TQCh. 16 - Prob. 3TQCh. 16 - Prob. 4TQCh. 16 - Prob. 5TQCh. 16 - Prob. 7TQCh. 16 - Prob. 8TQCh. 16 - Prob. 9TQCh. 16 - Prob. 10TQCh. 16 - Prob. 1PCh. 16 - Prob. 2PCh. 16 - Prob. 3PCh. 16 - Prob. 4PCh. 16 - Prob. 5PCh. 16 - Prob. 6PCh. 16 - Prob. 7PCh. 16 - Prob. 8PCh. 16 - Prob. 9PCh. 16 - Prob. 1TYCh. 16 - Prob. 2TYCh. 16 - Prob. 3TYCh. 16 - Prob. 4TYCh. 16 - Prob. 5TYCh. 16 - Prob. 6TYCh. 16 - Prob. 7TYCh. 16 - Prob. 8TYCh. 16 - Prob. 9TYCh. 16 - Prob. 10TY
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- An astronomical image shows two objects that have the same apparent magnitude, i.e., the same brightness. However, spectroscopic follow up observations indicate that while one is a star that is within our galaxy, at a distance dgal away, and has the same luminosity as the Sun, the other is a quasar and has 100x the luminosity of the entire Milky Way galaxy. What is the distance to the quasar? (You may assume, for this rough calculation, that the Milky Way has 1011 stars and that they all have the luminosity as the Sun.) Give your response in Mpc. Value: dgal = 49 pcarrow_forwardFigure 2 shows the "rotation curve" of NGC 2742. It plots the “radial velocity (V)" (how fast material is moving either toward or away from us) that is measured for objects at different distances (R = radius") from the center of the galaxy. The center of the galaxy is at 0 kpc (kiloparsecs) with a speed of 9 km/sec away from us. (These velocities have been corrected for the observed tilt of the galaxy and represent true orbital velocities of the stars and gas.) 200 100 U4779 -100 As you can see, one side of the galaxy is moving with a negative velocity (spinning toward us), while the other side has a positive velocity (spinning away from us). Using Newton's gravity equation, we will be able to determine the gravitational mass of the entire galaxy and how the mass varies versus distance from the galaxy's center. -200 -8 8 -4 Radius (kpc) Read the following text carefully and follow the instructions: Select five radii spaced evenly from 0-10 kpc across the galaxy. Your selections should…arrow_forwardThe best parallaxes obtained with the Hipparcos satellite have an uncertainty such that we believe measurements as low as 0.005 arc-seconds. What is the farthest distance a star can be to have an accurate distance from Hipparcos? 200 Parsecs The disk of our Galaxy is 100,000 light-years in diameter. Using the results from the previous problem, what fraction of the diameter of the Galaxy's disk is the distance for which we can measure accurate parallaxes? 0.0065 The Gaia satellite has greatly improved precision over Hipparcos, measuring parallaxes that are as small as 0.00025 arcseconds. How many times farther away is Gaia be able to measure distances to than Hipparcos?arrow_forward
- The best parallaxes obtained with the Hipparcos satellite have an uncertainty such that we believe measurements as low as 0.005 arc-seconds. What is the farthest distance a star can be to have an accurate distance from Hipparcos?200 parsecs The disk of our Galaxy is 100,000 light-years in diameter. Using the results from the previous problem, what fraction of the diameter of the Galaxy's disk is the distance for which we can measure accurate parallaxes?arrow_forward(Astronomy) (Part A) White Dwarf Size II. The white dwarf, Sirius B, contains 0.98 solar mass, and its density is about 2 × 106 g/cm3. Find the radius of the white dwarf in km to three significant digits. (Hint: Density = mass⁄volume, and the volume of a sphere is 4/3πr3). (Part B) Compare your answer with the radii of the planets listed in the Table A-10. Which planet is this white dwarf is closely equal to in size?arrow_forwardThe best evidence for a black hole at the center of the Galaxy also comes from the application of Kepler’s third law. Suppose a star at a distance of 20 light-hours from the center of the Galaxy has an orbital speed of 6200 km/s. How much mass must be located inside its orbit?arrow_forward
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