Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781305079243
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 16, Problem 70E

Hydrogen sulfide can be removed from natural gas by the reaction

2 H 2 S ( g ) + SO 2 ( g ) 3 S ( s ) + 2 H 2 O ( g )

Calculate ∆G° and K (at 298 K) for this reaction. Would this reaction be favored at a high or low temperature?

Expert Solution & Answer
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Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reaction between H2S and SO2 is given. The value of ΔG° and K at a given temperature is to be calculated. The temperature conditions at which the stated reaction will be favored is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Equilibrium constant K , is defined as the ratio of the concentration of products to that of the reactants at equilibrium. If a given reaction is at equilibrium, then the free energy change will be,

ΔG=0Q=K

The expression for free energy change is,

ΔG°=RTln(K)

The expression for standard Gibbs free energy, ΔG° , is,

ΔG°=npΔG°(product)nfΔG°(reactant)

Answer to Problem 70E

The value of ΔG° for the given reaction is 90kJ_ .

The value of K for the given reaction is 5.94×1015_ .

The forward reaction will be favored at a low temperature, whereas the reverse reaction will be favored at a high temperature.

Explanation of Solution

The reaction that takes place is,

2H2S(g)+SO2(g)3S(s)+2H2O(g)

Refer Appendix 4 .

The value of ΔG°(kJ/mol) for the given reactant and product is,

Molecules ΔG°(kJ/mol)
SO2(g) 300
S(g) 0
H2S(g) 34
H2O(g) 229

The formula of ΔG° is,

ΔG°=npΔG°(product)nfΔG°(reactant)

Where,

  • np is the number of moles of each product.
  • nr is the number of moles each reactant.
  • ΔG°(product) is the free energy of product at a pressure of 1atm .
  • ΔG°(reactant) is the free energy of reactant at a pressure of 1atm .

Substitute the required values from the table in the above equation.

ΔG°=npΔG°(product)nfΔG°(reactant)=[3(0)+2(229){2(34)+(300)}]kJ=90kJ_

The value of ΔG° is 90kJ .

Temperature is 298K .

The conversion of kilo-joule (kJ) into joule (J) is done as,

1kJ=103J

Hence,

The conversion of 90kJ into joule is,

198kJ=(90kJ×103)J=90kJ×103J

Formula

The expression for free energy change is,

ΔG=ΔG°+RTln(Q)

Where,

  • ΔG is the free energy change for a reaction at specified pressure.
  • R is the gas law constant (8.3145J/Kmol) .
  • T is the absolute temperature.
  • Q is the reaction constant.

Since, the reaction is at equilibrium, the free energy change,

ΔG=0Q=K

Where,

K is the equilibrium constant.

Substitute these values in the free energy change expression.

ΔG=ΔG°+RTln(Q)ΔG°=RTln(K)ln(K)=ΔG°RT

Substitute the values of R,ΔG° and T in the above expression.

ln(K)=ΔG°RT=90×103J(8.3145J/K)(298K)K=5.94×1015_

The value of ΔH°(kJ/mol) for the given reactant and product is,

Molecules ΔH°(kJ/mol)
SO2(g) 297
S(g) 0
H2S(g) 21
H2O(g) 242

The formula of ΔH° is,

ΔH°=npΔH°(product)nfΔH°(reactant)

Where,

  • ΔH° is the standard enthalpy of reaction.
  • np is the number of moles of each product.
  • nr is the number of moles each reactant.
  • ΔH°(product) is the standard enthalpy of product at a pressure of 1atm .
  • ΔH°(reactant) is the standard enthalpy of reactant at a pressure of 1atm .

Substitute all values from the table in the above equation.

ΔH°=npΔH°(product)nfΔH°(reactant)=[3(0)+2(242){2(21)+(297)}]kJ=145kJ_

A forward reaction will be favored at low temperature if,

ΔH°<0

The value of ΔS°(J/Kmol) for the given reactant and product is,

Molecules ΔS°(J/Kmol)
SO2(g) 248
S(g) 32
H2S(g) 206
H2O(g) 189

The formula of ΔS° is,

ΔS°=npΔS°(product)nfΔS°(reactant)

Where,

  • ΔS° is the standard enthalpy of reaction.
  • np is the number of moles of each product.
  • nr is the  number of moles each reactant.
  • ΔS°(product) is the standard enthalpy of product at a pressure of 1atm .
  • ΔS°(reactant) is the standard enthalpy of reactant at a pressure of 1atm .

Substitute all values from the table in the above equation.

ΔS°=npΔS°(product)nfΔS°(reactant)=[3(32)+2(189){2(206)+(248)}]J/Kmol=186kJ_

A reverse reaction will be favored at high temperature if,

ΔS°<0

Conclusion

The calculated value of ΔG° for the given reaction is 90kJ_ and the value of K for the given reaction is 5.94×1015_ . The forward reaction will be favored at a low temperature, whereas the reverse reaction will be favored at a high temperature

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Chapter 16 Solutions

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach

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