College Physics: A Strategic Approach (4th Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780134609034
Author: Randall D. Knight (Professor Emeritus), Brian Jones, Stuart Field
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16, Problem 5CQ
Certain illnesses inflame your vocal cords, causing them to swell. How does this affect the pitch of your voice? Explain.
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a. A person who has just inhaled helium gas speaks with a high pitched voice. Discuss why this happens given that your larynx and other parts of your repiratory passages act rather like a resonance tube, with your vocal chords producing the necessary energy to vibrate the air.
Certain illnesses inflame your vocal cords, causing them to swell. How does this affect the pitch of your voice? Explain.
Deep-sea divers often breathe a mixture of helium and oxygen to avoid getting the "bends" from breathing high-pressure nitrogen. The helium has the side effect of making the divers' voices sound odd. Although your vocal tract can be roughly described as an open-closed tube, the way you hold your mouth and position your lips greatly affects the standing-wave frequencies of the vocal tract. This is what allows different vowels to sound different. The "ee" sound is made by shaping your vocal tract to have standing-wave frequencies at, normally, 270 HzHz and 2300 Hz. What will these frequencies be for a helium-oxygen mixture in which the speed of sound at body temperature is 750 m/sm/s? The speed of sound in air at body temperature is 350 m/sm/s. (fmin, fmax)
Chapter 16 Solutions
College Physics: A Strategic Approach (4th Edition)
Ch. 16 - Light can pass easily through water and through...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2CQCh. 16 - Prob. 3CQCh. 16 - A guitarist finds that the pitch of one of her...Ch. 16 - Certain illnesses inflame your vocal cords,...Ch. 16 - Prob. 6CQCh. 16 - Figure Q16.7 shows a standing sound wave in a tube...Ch. 16 - A typical flute is about 66 cm long. A piccolo is...Ch. 16 - Some pipes on a pipe organ are open at both ends,...Ch. 16 - If you pour liquid in a tall, narrow glass, you...
Ch. 16 - When you speak after breathing helium, in which...Ch. 16 - Prob. 14CQCh. 16 - A synthesizer is a keyboard instrument that can be...Ch. 16 - A small boy and a grown woman both speak at...Ch. 16 - Prob. 18MCQCh. 16 - At x = 3 cm, what is the earliest time that y will...Ch. 16 - Prob. 20MCQCh. 16 - Prob. 21MCQCh. 16 - A student in her physics lab measures the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 23MCQCh. 16 - Resonances of the ear canal lead to increased...Ch. 16 - The frequency of the lowest standing-wave mode on...Ch. 16 - Suppose you pluck a string on a guitar and it...Ch. 16 - Figure P16.11 is a snapshot graph at t = 0 s of...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2PCh. 16 - Prob. 3PCh. 16 - Prob. 4PCh. 16 - Prob. 5PCh. 16 - Prob. 6PCh. 16 - At t = 0 s, a small upward (positive y) pulse...Ch. 16 - You are holding one end of an elastic cord that is...Ch. 16 - A 2.0-m-long string is fixed at both ends and...Ch. 16 - Figure P16.10 shows a standing wave oscillating at...Ch. 16 - A bass guitar string is 89 cm long with a...Ch. 16 - Prob. 12PCh. 16 - a. What are the three longest wavelengths for...Ch. 16 - Prob. 14PCh. 16 - Prob. 15PCh. 16 - Prob. 16PCh. 16 - The lowest note on a grand piano has a frequency...Ch. 16 - An experimenter finds that standing waves on a...Ch. 16 - Ocean waves of wavelength 26 m are moving directly...Ch. 16 - Prob. 20PCh. 16 - Prob. 21PCh. 16 - Prob. 22PCh. 16 - Prob. 23PCh. 16 - An organ pipe is made to play a low note at 27.5...Ch. 16 - The speed of sound in room temperature (20C) air...Ch. 16 - Parasaurolophus was a dinosaur whose...Ch. 16 - A drainage pipe running under a freeway is 30.0 m...Ch. 16 - Prob. 28PCh. 16 - Although the vocal tract is quite complicated, we...Ch. 16 - You know that you sound better when you sing in...Ch. 16 - A child has an ear canal that is 1.3 cm long. At...Ch. 16 - When a sound wave travels directly toward a hard...Ch. 16 - The first formant of your vocal system can be...Ch. 16 - When you voice the vowel sound in hat, you narrow...Ch. 16 - The first and second formants when you make an ee...Ch. 16 - Two loudspeakers emit sound waves along the...Ch. 16 - Two loudspeakers in a 20C room emit 686 Hz sound...Ch. 16 - In noisy factory environments, its possible to use...Ch. 16 - Two identical loudspeakers separated by distance d...Ch. 16 - Prob. 42PCh. 16 - Two identical loudspeakers 2.0 m apart are...Ch. 16 - Prob. 44PCh. 16 - Musicians can use beats to tune their instruments....Ch. 16 - A student waiting at a stoplight notices that her...Ch. 16 - Two strings are adjusted to vibrate at exactly 200...Ch. 16 - A flute player hears four beats per second when...Ch. 16 - Prob. 50GPCh. 16 - In addition to producing images, ultrasound can be...Ch. 16 - An 80-cm-long steel string with a linear density...Ch. 16 - Tendons are, essentially, elastic cords stretched...Ch. 16 - Spiders may tune strands of their webs to give...Ch. 16 - Prob. 56GPCh. 16 - Prob. 57GPCh. 16 - Prob. 58GPCh. 16 - Prob. 60GPCh. 16 - A 40-cm-long tube has a 40-cm-long insert that can...Ch. 16 - The width of a particular microwave oven is...Ch. 16 - Two loudspeakers located along the x-axis as shown...Ch. 16 - Two loudspeakers 42.0 m apart and facing each...Ch. 16 - Prob. 65GPCh. 16 - Two loudspeakers, 4.0 m apart and facing each...Ch. 16 - Piano tuners tune pianos by listening to the beats...Ch. 16 - A flutist assembles her flute in a room where the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 69GPCh. 16 - A Doppler blood flowmeter emits ultrasound at a...Ch. 16 - An ultrasound unit is being used to measure a...Ch. 16 - Prob. 72MSPPCh. 16 - Prob. 73MSPPCh. 16 - Prob. 74MSPPCh. 16 - Prob. 75MSPP
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The area of a typical eardrum is about 5.00 X 10-5 m2. (a) (Calculate the average sound power incident on an eardrum at the threshold of pain, which corresponds to an intensity of 1.00 W/m2. (b) How much energy is transferred to the eardrum exposed to this sound lor 1.00 mill?arrow_forwardBased on the graph in Figure 17.36, what is the threshold of hearing in decibels for frequencies of 60, 400, 1000, 4000, and 15,000 Hz? Note that many AC electrical appliances produce 60 Hz, music is commonly 400 Hz, a reference frequency is 1000 Hz, your maximum sensitivity is near 4000 Hz, and many older TVs produce a 15,750 Hz whine. Figure 17.36 The relationship of loudness in phons to intensity level (in decibels) and intensity (in watts per meter squared) for persons with normal hearing. The curved lines are equal-loudness curves—all sounds on a given curve are perceived as equally loud. Phons and decibels are defined to be the same at 1000 Hz.arrow_forwardWrite an expression that describes the pressure variation as a function of position and time for a sinusoidal sound wave in air. Assume the speed of sound is 343 m/s, = 0.100 m, and Pmax = 0.200 Pa.arrow_forward
- A dolphin (Fig. P17.7) in seawater at a temperature of 25C emits a sound wave directed toward the ocean floor 150 m below. How much time passes before it hears an echo?arrow_forwardEver since seeing Figure 16.22 in the previous chapter, you have been fascinated with the hearing response in humans. You have set up an apparatus that allows you to determine your own threshold of hearing as a function of frequency. After performing the experiment and recording the results, you graph the results, which look like Figure P17.22. You are intrigued by the two dips in the curve at the right-hand side of the graph. You measure carefully and find that the minimum values of these dips occur at 3 800 Hz and 11 500 Hz. Performing some online research, you discover that the outer canal of the human ear can be modeled as an air column open at the outer end and closed at the inner end by the eardrum. You use this information to determine the length of the outer canal in your car. Figure P17.22arrow_forwardWhy can a hearing test show that your threshold of hearing is 0 dB at 250 Hz, when Figure 17.37 implies that no one can hear such a frequency at less than 20 dB? Figure 17.37 The shaded region represents frequencies and intensity levels found in normal conversational speech. The O-phon line represents the normal hearing threshold, while those at 40 and 60 represent thresholds for people with 40- and 60-phon hearing losses, respectively.arrow_forward
- (a) What is the intensity of a sound that has a level 7.00 dB lower than a 4.00109W/m2 sound? (b) What is the intensity of a sound that is 3.00 dB higher than a 4.00109W/m2 sound?arrow_forwardA person wears a hearing aid that uniformly increases the intensity level of all audible frequencies of sound by 30.0 dB. The hearing aid picks up sound having a frequency of 250 Hz at an intensity of 3.0 1011 W/m2. What is the intensity delivered to the eardrum?arrow_forwardAn interstate highway has been built through a neighborhood in a city. In the afternoon, the sound level in an apartment in the neighborhood is 80.0 dB as 100 cars pass outside the window every minute. Late at night, the traffic flow is only five cars per minute. What is the average late-night sound level?arrow_forward
- A crude approximation at voice production is to consider the breathing passages and mouth to be a resonating tube closed at one end. (See Figure 17.30.) (a) What is the fundamental frequency if the tube is 0.240-m long, by taking air temperature to be 37.0°C? (b) What would this frequency become it the person replaced the air with helium? Assume the same temperature dependence for helium as for air. Figure 17.30 The throat and mouth form an air column closed at one end that resonates in response to vibrations in the voice box. The spectrum of overtones and their intensities vary with mouth shaping and tongue position to form different sounds. The voice box can be replaced with a mechanical vibrator, and understandable speech is still possible. Variations in basic shapes make different voices recognizable.arrow_forwardHumans have a range of hearing of approximately 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Mice have auditory systems similar to humans, but all of the physical elements are smaller. Given this, would you expect mice to have a higher or lower frequency range than humans? Explain.arrow_forwardThe softest sound a human ear can hear is at 0 dB (Io = 10-12 W/m2). Sounds above 130 dB cause pain. A particular student's eardrum has an area of A = 51 mm^2. a. What is the most power, in watts, the ear can receive before the listener feels pain? b. What is the smallest power, in watts, the ear can detect?arrow_forward
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