Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781259188138
Author: Peter H Raven, George B Johnson Professor, Kenneth A. Mason Dr. Ph.D., Jonathan Losos Dr., Susan Singer
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 4A
Regulation by small RNAs and alternative splicing are similar in that both
a. act after transcription.
b. act via RNA/protein complexes.
c. regulate the transcription machinery.
d. Both a and b are correct.
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Gene expression regulation by methylation of the cytosines in a promoter would be considered :
Select one:
a.
Translational regulation.
b.
Transcriptional regulation.
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Posttranscriptional regulation.
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Changes in a cell that affect micro RNAs lead to cancer because miRNAs...
a. help a cell to maintain a tight control on protein levels in a cell.
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Transcription of eukaryotic genes requires the presence of a promoter and usually the presence of enhancers. An enhancer:
A. is a consensus sequence in DNA located where RNA polymerase first binds.
B. may be located in various places in different genes.
C. may be on either strand of DNA in the region of the gene.
D. functions by binding RNA polymerase.
E. stimulates transcription in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 16 - In prokaryotes, control of gene expression usually...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2UCh. 16 - In E. coli, induction in the lac operon and...Ch. 16 - The lac operon is controlled by two main proteins....Ch. 16 - In eukaryotes, binding of RNA polymerase to a...Ch. 16 - In eukaryotes, the regulation of gene expression...Ch. 16 - In the trp operon, the repressor binds to DNA a....Ch. 16 - Prob. 1ACh. 16 - Specific transcription factors in eukaryotes...Ch. 16 - Repression in the trp operon and induction in the...
Ch. 16 - Regulation by small RNAs and alternative splicing...Ch. 16 - Eukaryotic mRNAs differ from prokaryotic mRNAs in...Ch. 16 - In the cell cycle, cyclin proteins are produced in...Ch. 16 - A mechanism of control in E. coli not discussed in...Ch. 16 - You have isolated a series of mutants affecting...Ch. 16 - Examples of positive and negative control of...Ch. 16 - What forms of eukaryotic control of gene...Ch. 16 - The number and type of proteins found in a cell...
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- Which of the following is true of CpG islands? a. They are methylated near promoters of actively transcribed genes. b. They are unmethylated near promoters of actively transcribed genes. c. Acetylation of CpG islands leads to repression of transcription. d. CpG islands code for RNA molecules that activate transcription.arrow_forward1. Transcription: a)State the role of RNA polymerase in gene transcription.b. Explain why the DNA is not used directly for protein translation (i.e., why is mRNA used instead?).c. Explain what occurs when a gene’s promoter region is open for RNA polymerase binding.d. Explain what occurs when a gene’s promoter regions is blocked from binding RNA polymerase.e. Explain how two cells, such as liver cells and skin cells, can become specialized in structure and function despite containing the same genome.arrow_forwardThe primary function of 5' & 3' end mRNA modification is: a. To ensure that phosphorylation of the nucleotides b. Protection from nucleolytic degradation c. Assurance of end joining during nuclear export. d. To activate removal of introns e. All of the above.arrow_forward
- Differential RNA splicing may result in: a. A shift in the ratio of mRNA produced from two neighboring genes b. Inversion of exons in the mature mRNA c. Production of the same protein from two different genes d. Production of two different proteins with different properties from a single genearrow_forwardThe process of RNA interference may lead toa. the degradation of an mRNA.b. the inhibition of translation of an mRNA.c. the synthesis of an mRNA.d. both a and b.arrow_forwardAlternate splicing: A. Reduces mRNA half-life by shortening poly(A) tails B. Disrupts histone arrangement for increased transcription C. Uses topoisomerase to complete its function D. Can produce 2 or more products from one genearrow_forward
- Are the following statements TRUE or FALSE?a. Post-transcriptional RNA processing occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.b. A primary RNA transcript is often much longer than the mature mRNA that leaves the nucleus.c. Both ends of a pre-mRNA are modified to facilitate RNA splicing.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not true regarding gene regulation that involves DNA bending? a. The precise distance between the regulatory sequence and the promoter is important. b. Effect can be to repress transcription c. Effect can be to activation transcription d. Regulated genes can be thousands of base pairs away from the regulatory sitesarrow_forwardIs each of the following statements true or false? A. An enhancer is a type of regulatory element. B. A core promoter is a type of regulatory element. C. Regulatory transcription factors bind to regulatory elements. D. An enhancer may cause the down regulation of transcription.arrow_forward
- Arrange the statements in their proper order by writing the corresponding letter (e.g. A) for each statement in the space provided below. A. The single-stranded RNA would complement the target RNA. B. Gene expression is inactivated once the mRNA is no longer accessible for translation. C. The risk-induced silencing complex which is composed of RNA and protein subunits is formed. D. Double-stranded, non-coding RNA is cleaved by Dicer. E. The mRNA can be cleaved or remain bound by the RISC. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.arrow_forwardAlthough the specific mechanism of RNA interference has not been fully defined, it involves A. the inactivation of MRNA B. RNA interference with DNA. O c. DNA interference with MRNA. D. MRNA interference with rRNAarrow_forwardOnly one of the two strands of DNA is transcribed because a. RNA polymerase binds to the terminator, stopping transcription on one strand of DNA. b. both strands are transcribed, but only one strand of DNA contains a reading frame. c. DNA consists of only one strand in the nucleus of the cell. d. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter, initiating transcription on only one strand of DNA. e. the start of transcription is random along the chromosome and does not always occur on a gene.arrow_forward
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