Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781259188138
Author: Peter H Raven, George B Johnson Professor, Kenneth A. Mason Dr. Ph.D., Jonathan Losos Dr., Susan Singer
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 16, Problem 1A
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The genes coding for the proteins of a similar biochemical pathway in prokaryotes are organized in the operon. The genes in the operon are polycistronic as they are under the regulation of a single promoter. The lac (lactose) operon contains the genes coding for the
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Is each of the following statements true or false?
A. An enhancer is a type of regulatory element.
B. A core promoter is a type of regulatory element.
C. Regulatory transcription factors bind to regulatory elements.
D. An enhancer may cause the down regulation of transcription.
Transcriptional regulation often involves a regulatory protein that binds to a segment of DNA and a small effector molecule that binds to the regulatory protein. Do each of the following terms apply to a regulatory protein, a segment of DNA, or a small effector molecule?
A. Repressor
B. Inducer
C. Operator site
D. Corepressor
E. Activator
F. Attenuator
G. Inhibitor
Two different types of gene regulatory elements are DNA sequence and protein-based. Which of the following describes them, respectively?
a.
one blocks translation, the other blocks transcription
b.
The first is an aporepressor, the second is a promoter
c.
The first is an enhancer, the second is a repressor
d.
The first is a activator, the second is a an attenuator
e.
one is an activist, the other is a protestor
Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 16 - In prokaryotes, control of gene expression usually...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2UCh. 16 - In E. coli, induction in the lac operon and...Ch. 16 - The lac operon is controlled by two main proteins....Ch. 16 - In eukaryotes, binding of RNA polymerase to a...Ch. 16 - In eukaryotes, the regulation of gene expression...Ch. 16 - In the trp operon, the repressor binds to DNA a....Ch. 16 - Prob. 1ACh. 16 - Specific transcription factors in eukaryotes...Ch. 16 - Repression in the trp operon and induction in the...
Ch. 16 - Regulation by small RNAs and alternative splicing...Ch. 16 - Eukaryotic mRNAs differ from prokaryotic mRNAs in...Ch. 16 - In the cell cycle, cyclin proteins are produced in...Ch. 16 - A mechanism of control in E. coli not discussed in...Ch. 16 - You have isolated a series of mutants affecting...Ch. 16 - Examples of positive and negative control of...Ch. 16 - What forms of eukaryotic control of gene...Ch. 16 - The number and type of proteins found in a cell...
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- All genes regulated by PKA contain a cis-acting DNA sequence that binds to the phosphorylated form of a transcription factor called (choose one answer) a. CREB. b. C-Jun. c. beta-catenin. d. TCF.arrow_forwardAlternative RNA splicing a. is a mechanism for increasing the rate of transcription. b. can allow the production of proteins of different sizes from a gene. C. can allow the production of similar proteins from different RNAS. d. increases the rate of transcription. e. is due to the presence or absence of particular snRNAs.arrow_forwardDefine the following terms: a. promoter b. consensus sequence c. operon d. chromatin-remodeling complex e. general transcription factorsarrow_forward
- A transcription factor (protein - orange/green) is bound to a promoter of a gene (DNA - blue) it regulates. What changes would result in the gene not being expressed? A. Mutations in the DNA sequence where the TF is bound B. Mutations in the DNA binding domain of the TF C. Mutations in the 3’UTR (untranslated region) of this gene A and B only B and C only A, B, and Carrow_forwardState true or false, giving a brief justification: a. An enhancer is a type of regulatory element. b. A core promoter is a type of regulatory element. c. Regulatory transcription factors bind to regulatory elements. d. Typically, an enhancer may cause the downregulation of transcription.arrow_forwardIn E. coli, induction in the lac operon and repression in the trp operon are both examples of a. negative control by a repressor. b. positive control by a repressor. c. negative control by an activator. d. positive control by a repressor.arrow_forward
- The NFAT family is a ubiquitous family of transcription factors. a. Under resting conditions, where is NFAT localized in a cell? b. Under activated conditions, where is NFAT localized in a cell? c. How is it released from its resting condition and permitted to relocalize? d. Immunosuppressant drugs such as cyclosporin act via inhibition of the calcineurin phosphatase. If NFAT is ubiqitous, how do you think these drugs might act with so few side effects on other signaling processes within the body?arrow_forwardE. coli are grown on a medium containing lactose. Once glucose is added to the medium, the bacteria stop fermenting lactose. Which of the following BEST explains the observed effect? A. Cellular levels of cAMP are lowB.Glucose is bound to the promoter C. Repressor protein is bound to the operator D. Repressor protein is bound to the promoterarrow_forwardHow does reverse methylation affect gene expression? Select one: o a. The gene is turned off, but still expresses a protein product. b. The gene becomes transcriptionally silent. c. There is no effect on the gene. d. The gene is hyperactive resulting in a gain of function. e. The gene expresses the wrong protein. Clear my choice How do microRNAs regulate epigenetic mechanisms during development? Select one: o a. MicroRNAs function as gene repressors b. You only find microRNAS in epigenetic and cancer cells c. MicroRNAs function as gene activators d. MicroRNAS regulate methylation on the DNA sequences of embryos e. Researchers find that when microRNAs are present the effects of epigenetic modifications are 50% greater Clear my choicearrow_forward
- Which of these is used in the transcription of all genes? Choose all correct answers. A. Core promoter B. Proximal promoter C. Distal promoter D. General Transcription Factors E. Regulatory Transcription Factorsarrow_forwardWhich of the following is not true regarding gene regulation that involves DNA bending? a. The precise distance between the regulatory sequence and the promoter is important. b. Effect can be to repress transcription c. Effect can be to activation transcription d. Regulated genes can be thousands of base pairs away from the regulatory sitesarrow_forwardChanges in a cell that affect micro RNAs lead to cancer because miRNAs... a. help a cell to maintain a tight control on protein levels in a cell. b. decrease the level of a specific protein. c. increase the level of a specific protein. d. prevent the Warburg effect.arrow_forward
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