GENERAL CHEMISTRY-MOD.MASTERINGCHEM.
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134193601
Author: Petrucci
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16, Problem 46E
Cola drinks have a phosphoric acid content that as described as from 0.057 to 0 084% of 75% phosphoric acid, by mass, Estimate the pH range of cola drinks corresponding to this range of
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The chemical formulae of some acids are listed in the
first column of the table below, and in the second
column it says whether each acid is strong or weak.
Complete the table. List the chemical formula of each
species present at concentrations greater than about
106 mo
mo-when about a tenth of a mole of the acid is
L
dissolved in a liter of water.
The chemical formulae of some acids are listed in the first column of the table below, and in the second column it says whether each acid is strong or weak.
Complete the table. List the chemical formula of each species present at concentrations greater than about 10-6 mol/L when about a tenth of a mole of the acid
is dissolved in a liter of water.
acid
strong or
weak?
species present at 10-6 mol/L or greater
when dissolved in water
ICIO
weak
H₂SO,
weak
IICI
strong
HCIO,
strong
☐
x
DO....
Consider the following data on some weak acids and weak bases:
acid
base
Bo
K.
K,
name
formula
name
formula
hydrofluoric acid
HF
6.8 × 10
hydroxylamine HONH, |1.1 x 108
hypochlorous acid
HСIO |3.0 х 10
methylamine CH;NH2|4.4 × 10
Use this data to rank the following solutions in order of increasing pH. In other words, select a '1' next to the solution that will have the lowest pH, a '2' next to
the solution that will have the next lowest pH, and so on.
solution
pH
0.1 M NaF
choose one v
0.1 М CНзNHзBr
choose one
0.1 M NaI
choose one ♥
0.1 M HONH3CI
choose one v
The equilibrium constant for an acid is called the acid ionization constant (Ka). If acetic acid (weak acid, HC2H3O2) is placed into water, it ionizes to H+ and C2H3O2- with a Ka of 1.82 x 10-5. Determine the pH of the solution when 20.0 g HC2H3O2 (s) is added to water, with a final volume of 1000. mL?
Chapter 16 Solutions
GENERAL CHEMISTRY-MOD.MASTERINGCHEM.
Ch. 16 - According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory, lebel each...Ch. 16 - Write the formula of the conjugate based in the...Ch. 16 - For each of the following, identify the acides and...Ch. 16 - Which of the following species are amphiprotic in...Ch. 16 - Why which of the following bases will the...Ch. 16 - In a manner similar to equation (16.3), represent...Ch. 16 - With the aid of Table 16.2, predict the direction...Ch. 16 - With the aid of Table 16.2, predict the direction...Ch. 16 - Calculate [H2O4] and [OH-] or each solution: (a)...Ch. 16 - What is the pH of each of the following solution?...
Ch. 16 - Calculate [H2O4] and pH in saturated Ba(OH)2(aq) ,...Ch. 16 - A saturated aqueous soon of Ca(OH)2, has a pH of...Ch. 16 - Prob. 13ECh. 16 - What is the PH of the solution obtained when 125mL...Ch. 16 - How many millilaters at concentrated HCI(aq) (360%...Ch. 16 - How many milliliters of a 15.0%, by mass solution...Ch. 16 - What volume of 6.15 N HCI(aq) is required to...Ch. 16 - A 282 L volume of HCl(g), measured at 742 mmHg and...Ch. 16 - 50.00 mL of 0.0155 M Hl(aq) is mixed with 75.00 mL...Ch. 16 - 2500 mL of a HNO2(aq) solution with a pH of 2.12...Ch. 16 - What are the [H2O4] and pH of 0.143 M HNO2 ?Ch. 16 - What are the [H2O4] and pH of 0.085 M C2H2NH2 ?Ch. 16 - For the ionization of phenylacetic acid,...Ch. 16 - A 625 mL sample an aqueous solution containing...Ch. 16 - Fluroaceticectic acid occurs in gifblaar, one of...Ch. 16 - Caproic acid, HCgH11O2 , found in small amounts in...Ch. 16 - What mass of benzoic acid, CgC5COOH , would you...Ch. 16 - Whet must be the molarity of en aqueous solution...Ch. 16 - What are [H2O4] , [OH-] , pH, and pOH of 0.55 M M...Ch. 16 - What are [H2O4],[CH+],NH, and NH of 0.300 M CH2NH2...Ch. 16 - The solubility of 1-naphthylamin, C10H1NH2 ,a...Ch. 16 - A saturated aqueous solution of o-nitropenol,...Ch. 16 - A particular vinegar e found to contain 57% acetic...Ch. 16 - A particular household ammoni a solution (d = 0.97...Ch. 16 - A 275 mL sample of vapor in equilibrium with...Ch. 16 - One handbook lists a value of 95 for pK, of...Ch. 16 - In the diagram below, the sketch on the far on the...Ch. 16 - In the diagram below, the sketch on the far left...Ch. 16 - What is the (a) degree of ionization and (b)...Ch. 16 - What is the (a) degree of ionization and (b)...Ch. 16 - What must be the molarity of an aqueous solution...Ch. 16 - What must be the molarity of an acetic acid...Ch. 16 - Continuing the dilution described in Example 16.4,...Ch. 16 - What is the (a) degree of ionization and (b)...Ch. 16 - Prob. 45ECh. 16 - Cola drinks have a phosphoric acid content that as...Ch. 16 - Determine [H2O+],[HS-] , and [S2-] for the...Ch. 16 - For 0.045 M MH2CO2 , a weak diprotic acid....Ch. 16 - Calculate [H2O4] , [HSO4] , and SO42- in (a) 0.75M...Ch. 16 - Adipic acid, HOOC( CH2)4COOH , is among the top 50...Ch. 16 - The antimalarial dru g quinine, C20H24O2N2 , is a...Ch. 16 - For hydrazine, N2H4,pKa1=6.07 end pK32=15.05 ....Ch. 16 - Codeine, C12H21O2N , is an opiate and...Ch. 16 - Approximately 4 metric tons of quinoline, C8H7N ,...Ch. 16 - Complete the following equations in those...Ch. 16 - From data in Table 16.4, determine (a) Kgfor...Ch. 16 - Predict whether a solution of each of the...Ch. 16 - Arrange the following 0.010M solutions in order of...Ch. 16 - What is the pH of an aqueous solution that is...Ch. 16 - What is the pH of an aqueous solution that is...Ch. 16 - Sorbic acid, CH2CH=CH=CH2CO2H(pKg=4.772) , is...Ch. 16 - Pyridine, C3H2N(pKb=8.82) , from a salt,...Ch. 16 - For each of the blowing ions, write two equations—...Ch. 16 - Suppose you wanted to produce an aqueous solution...Ch. 16 - Predict which is the stronger acid: (a) HClO2 or...Ch. 16 - Explain why trichloroacetic acid, CCl2COOH , is a...Ch. 16 - Which is the stronger acid of each of the...Ch. 16 - Indicate Which of the following the weakest ac,...Ch. 16 - From the following bases, select the one with the...Ch. 16 - For the molecular models shown, write the formula...Ch. 16 - For each reaction draw a Lewis structure for each...Ch. 16 - In the following reactions indicate which is the...Ch. 16 - Indicate whether each of the following is a Lewis...Ch. 16 - Each of the following is a Lewis acid-base...Ch. 16 - The three following reactions are acid-base...Ch. 16 - CO2(g) can be removed from confined quarters (such...Ch. 16 - The molecular solid l2(s) e only slightly in...Ch. 16 - The following very strong acids are formed by the...Ch. 16 - Use Lewis structures to diagram the following...Ch. 16 - Use Lewis structures to diagram the following...Ch. 16 - Prob. 81IAECh. 16 - Prob. 82IAECh. 16 - Prob. 83IAECh. 16 - Prob. 84IAECh. 16 - Prob. 85IAECh. 16 - Prob. 86IAECh. 16 - From the observation that 0.0500M vinylacetic acid...Ch. 16 - Prob. 88IAECh. 16 - Use material balance and an electroneutrality...Ch. 16 - Prob. 90IAECh. 16 - Prob. 91IAECh. 16 - Prob. 92IAECh. 16 - Prob. 93IAECh. 16 - What mass of acetic acad, CH2COOH , must be...Ch. 16 - Prob. 95IAECh. 16 - Prob. 96IAECh. 16 - Prob. 97IAECh. 16 - Prob. 98IAECh. 16 - Prob. 99IAECh. 16 - Prob. 100IAECh. 16 - In this problem, we will use material balance and...Ch. 16 - Prob. 102IAECh. 16 - Prob. 103IAECh. 16 - Prob. 104IAECh. 16 - Maleic acid is a carbon-hydrogen-oxygen compound...Ch. 16 - In Example 16-9, rather than use the quadratic...Ch. 16 - Apply the general method for solution equilibrium...Ch. 16 - Prob. 108SAECh. 16 - Prob. 109SAECh. 16 - Explain the important distinctions between each...Ch. 16 - Prob. 111SAECh. 16 - Prob. 112SAECh. 16 - Prob. 113SAECh. 16 - Prob. 114SAECh. 16 - Prob. 115SAECh. 16 - Prob. 116SAECh. 16 - Prob. 117SAECh. 16 - Prob. 118SAECh. 16 - Determine the pH of 2.05 M NaCH2 ClCOO. (Use data...Ch. 16 - Prob. 120SAECh. 16 - A solution is found to have pH=5pOH . Is this...Ch. 16 - Propionic acid, CH2CHCOOH , is 0.42% ionized in...Ch. 16 - The conjugate acid of HPO42- is (a) PO42 ; (b)...Ch. 16 - Prob. 124SAECh. 16 - Prob. 125SAECh. 16 - Appendix E describes a useful study aid known as...
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- For conjugate acidbase pairs, how are Ka and Kb related? Consider the reaction of acetic acid in water CH3CO2H(aq)+H2O(l)CH3CO2(aq)+H3O+(aq) where Ka = 1.8 105 a. Which two bases are competing for the proton? b. Which is the stronger base? c. In light of your answer to part b. why do we classify the acetate ion (CH3CO2) as a weak base? Use an appropriate reaction to justify your answer. In general, as base strength increases, conjugate acid strength decreases. Explain why the conjugate acid of the weak base NH3 is a weak acid. To summarize, the conjugate base of a weak acid is a weak base and the conjugate acid of a weak base is a weak acid (weak gives you weak). Assuming Ka for a monoprotic strong acid is 1 106, calculate Kb for the conjugate base of this strong acid. Why do conjugate bases of strong acids have no basic properties in water? List the conjugate bases of the six common strong acids. To tie it all together, some instructors have students think of Li+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+ as the conjugate acids of the strong bases LiOH, KOH. RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, and Ba(OH)2. Although not technically correct, the conjugate acid strength of these cations is similar to the conjugate base strength of the strong acids. That is, these cations have no acidic properties in water; similarly, the conjugate bases of strong acids have no basic properties (strong gives you worthless). Fill in the blanks with the correct response. The conjugate base of a weak acid is a_____base. The conjugate acid of a weak base is a_____acid. The conjugate base of a strong acid is a_____base. The conjugate acid of a strong base is a_____ acid. (Hint: Weak gives you weak and strong gives you worthless.)arrow_forwardUsing the diagrams shown in Problem 10-117, which of the solutions would have the greatest buffer capacity, that is, greatest protection against pH change, when the following occurs? a. A strong acid is added to the solution. b. A strong base is added to the solution.arrow_forwardAcids You make a solution by dissolving 0.0010 mol of HCl in enough water to make 1.0 L of solution. a Write the chemical equation for the reaction of HCl(aq) and water. b Without performing calculations, give a rough estimate of the pH of the HCl solution. Justify your answer. c Calculate the H3O+ concentration and the pH of the solution. d Is there any concentration of the base OH present in this solution of HCl(aq)? If so, where did it come from? e If you increase the OH concentration of the solution by adding NaOH, does the H3O+ concentration change? If you think it does, explain why this change occurs and whether the H3O+ concentration increases or decreases. f If you were to measure the pH of 10 drops of the original HCl solution, would you expect it to be different from the pH of the entire sample? Explain. g Explain how two different volumes of your original HCl solution can have the same pH yet contain different moles of H3O+. h If 1.0 L of pure water were added to the HCl solution, would this have any impact on the pH? Explain.arrow_forward
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- Propionic acid, HC3H5O2, has Ka= 1.34 x 10–5. (a) What is the molar concentration of H3O+ in 0.15 M HC3H5O2 and the pH of the solution? (b) What is the Kb value for the propionate ion, C3H5O2–? (c) Calculate the pH of 0.15 M solution of sodium propionate, NaC3H5O2. (d) Calculate the pH of solution that contains 0.12 M HC3H5O2 and 0.25 M NaC3H5O2.arrow_forwardCalculate the molar concentration of OH- in a water solution that has a molar concentration of H+ equal to 2.84 x 10-6.arrow_forward1.) Use the following acid or base dissociation constants to calculate the pH of the listed aqueous solutions. Acid Ка Base Kb hypochlorous acid, HCIO 4.0 x 10 8 methylamine, CH3NH2 5.0 x 104 hydrofluoric acid, HF 6.3х 104 pyridine, CSH5N 1.7 x 109 formic acid, HCOOH 1.8 x 104 ammonia, NH3 1.8 x 105 a.) pH of 0.155 M Ba(OH)2 b.) pH of 0.750 M hypochlorous acid, HCIO c.) pH of 0.215 M CH3NH3CI(aq)arrow_forward
- The pH scale for acidity is defined by pH – log10 H*| where |H*| is the concentration of hydrogen ions measured in moles per liter (M). (A) The pH of Drano is 13.3. Calculate the concentration of hydrogen ions in moles per liter (M). [H*] = M (B) The pH of rain water is 5.5. Calculate the concentration of hydrogen ions in moles per liter (M). [H*] = Marrow_forwardThe pH of an aqueous solution of 0.532 M hydrofluoric acid, ( K₂ (HF) = 7.20 × 10-4) isarrow_forwardHousehold bleach is prepared by dissolving chlorine in water. Cl2 (g) + H2O « H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) + HOCl Ka for HOCl is 3.2 x10-8 . How much chlorine must be dissolved in one liter of water so that the pH of the solution is 1.19? Caproic acid HC6H11O2 is found in coconut oil and is used in making artificial flavors. A solution is made by dissolving 0.450mol of caproic acid in enough water to make 2.0L of solution. The solution has [H+] 1.7 x 10-3 M. what is Ka for caproic acid? Phenol, once known as carbolic acid, HC6H5O, is a weak acid. It was one of the first antiseptics used by Lister. Its Ka is 1.1 x 10-10. A solution of phenol is prepared by dissolving 14.5g of phenol in enough water to make 892mL of solution. For this solution, calculate the pH HC3H5O3, is found in sour milk. What is the pH of 0.30M lactic acid? Ka=1.4 ' 10-4arrow_forward
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