Schaum's Outline of College Physics, Twelfth Edition (Schaum's Outlines)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781259587399
Author: Eugene Hecht
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 16, Problem 41SP
One method for estimating the temperature at the center of the Sun is based on the Ideal
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Ideal gases are often studied at standard ambient temperature and pressure (SATP). The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) defines SATP to be T = 25° C and P = 100 kPa.
a. Calculate N/V (in particles per cubic meter) for an ideal gas at SATP
b. How many atoms of an ideal gas at SATP are there in one cubic centimeter?
The number density of gas atoms at a certain location in the space above our planet is about 0.75 × 10!1 m²³, and the pressure is 2.9 x 10-
10 Pa in this region.
What is the temperature in this region, in degrees Celsius?
T =
According to the Ideal Gas Law, PV = kT, where P is pressure, V is volume, T is temperature (in kelvins), and k is a constant of proportionality. A tank contains 400 cubic inches of nitrogen at a pressure of 130 pounds per square inch and a temperature of 300 K.
(a) Determine k.k = (b) Write P as a function of V and T and describe the level curves.P =
(c) Setting P = c, the level curves are of the form
V =
Chapter 16 Solutions
Schaum's Outline of College Physics, Twelfth Edition (Schaum's Outlines)
Ch. 16 - 19. An ideal gas is in a chamber at a pressure of...Ch. 16 - 20. Given that one mole of hydrogen...Ch. 16 - 21. A sealed tank having a volume of 25.0 × 10−3...Ch. 16 - 22. If the absolute pressure in the chamber in the...Ch. 16 - 23. A 50.0-liter cylinder is open to the...Ch. 16 - 24. A 6.00-m3 cylinder filled with oxygen at an...Ch. 16 - 25. Imagine a cylinder containing 0.500 m3 of gas...Ch. 16 - Prob. 26SPCh. 16 - 27. A given mass of an ideal gas occupies a volume...Ch. 16 - 28. A mass of ideal gas occupies 38 mL at 20 °C....
Ch. 16 - 29. On a day when atmospheric pressure is 75.83...Ch. 16 - 30. A tank of ideal gas is sealed off at 20 °C and...Ch. 16 - 31. Given 1000 mL of helium at 15 °C and 763 mmHg,...Ch. 16 - 16.32 [II] One kilomole of ideal gas occupies 22.4...Ch. 16 - 16.33 [II] Air is trapped in the sealed lower end...Ch. 16 - Prob. 34SPCh. 16 - 36. A 5000-cm3 tank contains an ideal gas (M = 40...Ch. 16 - 37. The pressure of air in a reasonably good...Ch. 16 - 38. What volume will 1.216 g of SO2 gas (M = 64.1...Ch. 16 - Prob. 39SPCh. 16 - 40. A 30-mL tube contains 0.25 g of water vapor (M...Ch. 16 - 41. One method for estimating the temperature at...Ch. 16 - 16.42 [II] A 500-mL sealed flask contains nitrogen...Ch. 16 - 16.43 [II] As shown in Fig. 16-2, two flasks are...Ch. 16 - 16.44 [II] An air bubble of volume is released...Ch. 16 - 16.45 [II] A cylindrical diving bell (a vertical...
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- A cylinder of diameter S, of height h, contains pure gas with equation PV = nRT at constant temperature T_0. The z axis is directed upwards and the gravitational field is assumed to be uniform. 1) Using the fundamental principle of hydrostatic statistics, show that dp = -pgdz where p = p (z) is the gas pressure at height z. 2) If P_0 is the gas pressure at the foot of the pole, calculate the pressure p (z) at height z. 3) In the case of wind (M = 29 g / mol: R = 8.31J/ mol.k) at temperature T_0 = 300K, calculate the height of the poles necessary to observe the change in pressure (pressure at the threshold) at 5% .arrow_forwardAn expensive vacuum system can achieve a pressure as low as 1.00 x 10-7 N/m² at 25.5 °C. How many atoms N are there in a cubic centimeter at this pressure and temperature? The Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 x 10-23 J/K. N = atomsarrow_forwardAccording to the Ideal Gas Law, PV = KT, where P is pressure, V is volume, T is temperature (in kelvins), and k is a constant of proportionality. A tank contains 1300 cubic inches of nitrogen at a pressure of 40 pounds per square inch and a temperature of 300 K. (a) Determine k. k = (b) Write P as a function of V and T and describe the level curves. P = Setting P = c, the level curves are of the form V =arrow_forward
- Problem 6: There are lots of examples of ideal gases in the universe, and they exist in many different conditions. In this problem we will examine what the temperature of these various phenomena are. Part (a) Give an expression for the temperature of an ideal gas in terms of pressure P, particle density per unit volume ρ, and fundamental constants. T = P/( ρ kB ) Part (b) Near the surface of Venus, its atmosphere has a pressure fv= 96 times the pressure of Earth's atmosphere, and a particle density of around ρv = 0.92 × 1027 m-3. What is the temperature of Venus' atmosphere (in C) near the surface? Part (c) The Orion nebula is one of the brightest diffuse nebulae in the sky (look for it in the winter, just below the three bright stars in Orion's belt). It is a very complicated mess of gas, dust, young star systems, and brown dwarfs, but let's estimate its temperature if we assume it is a uniform ideal gas. Assume it is a sphere of radius r = 5.8 × 1015 m (around 6 light years)…arrow_forwardAn ideal gas in a 1.25-gallon[gal] container is at a temperature of 135 degrees Celsius [°C] and pressure of 2.4 atmospheres [atm]. If the gas is oxygen (formula: O2, molecular weight=32 grams per mole [g/mol]), what is the amount of gas in the container in units of grams [g]?arrow_forwardAccording to the Ideal Gas Law, PV = kT, where P is pressure, Vis volume, T is temperature (in Kelvins), and k is a constant of proportionality. A tank contains 2000 cubic inches of nitrogen at a pressure of 26 pounds per square inch and a temperature of 600 K. Determine the EXACT value of k.arrow_forward
- The number density of gas atoms at a certain location in the space above our planet is about 1.00×1011 m−3 , and the pressure is 2.75×10 – 10 N/m2 in this space. What is the temperature there?arrow_forwardThe number density of gas atoms at a certain location in the space above our planet is about 1.40 ✕ 1011 m−3, and the pressure is 1.10 ✕ 10−10 N/m2 in this space. What is the temperature (in °C) there?arrow_forwardThe gas law for an ideal gas at absolute temperature T (in kelvins), pressure P (in atmospheres), and volume V (in liters) is PV = nRT, where n is the number of moles of the gas and R = 0.0821 is the gas constant. Suppose that, at a certain instant, P = 9.0 atm and is increasing at a rate of 0.15 atm/min and V = 13 L and is decreasing at a rate of 0.17 L/min. Find the rate of change of T with respect to time at that instant if n = 10 mol. (Round your answer to four decimal places.) dT=0.512 dt X K/minarrow_forward
- The gas law for an ideal gas at absolute temperature T (in kelvins), pressure P (in atmospheres), and volume V (in liters) is PV = nRT, where n is the number of moles of the gas and R = 0.0821 is the gas constant. Suppose that, at a certain instant, P = 9.0 atm and is increasing at a rate of 0.15 atm/min and V = 13 L and is decreasing at a rate of 0.17 L/min. Find the rate of change of T with respect to time at that instant if n = 10 mol. (Round your answer to four decimal places.) K/min dT_ dtarrow_forwardYou are using a 680 W microwave to heat 700 mL of olive oil. If the initial temperature of the oil is 18 C, what is the temperature after 2 minutes in the microwave? Assume the microwave is 88% efficient. Express this temperature in Celsius. Use 1.97 J/gK for the specific heat of olive oil. The specific gravity is 0.915.arrow_forwardCalculate the mass of an atom of (a) helium, (b) iron, and (c) lead. Give your answers in kilograms. The atomic masses of these atoms are 4.00 u, 55.9 u, and 207 u, respectively.arrow_forward
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