College Physics
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134601823
Author: ETKINA, Eugenia, Planinšič, G. (gorazd), Van Heuvelen, Alan
Publisher: Pearson,
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Question
Chapter 16, Problem 31P
To determine
The efficiency and thermal energy emitted by a diesel engine of a car which does
of work while combustion of diesel fuel in its cylinder, produces
of thermal energy.
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College Physics
Ch. 16 - Prob. 1RQCh. 16 - Prob. 2RQCh. 16 - Prob. 3RQCh. 16 - Prob. 4RQCh. 16 - Which of the following processes is reversible?...Ch. 16 - In physics the collision of billiard balls is...Ch. 16 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 16 - 4. When driving a car (the system), what object...Ch. 16 - 5. The law of energy conservation says that energy...Ch. 16 - Prob. 6MCQ
Ch. 16 - Entropy can be calculated using which of the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 16 - 9. When a drop of ink enters a glass of water and...Ch. 16 - 10. Choose the best reason why the following...Ch. 16 - Prob. 11MCQCh. 16 - Which of the following changes will always...Ch. 16 - Entropy change is easier to determine for...Ch. 16 - 14. Describe five everyday examples of processes...Ch. 16 - Prob. 15CQCh. 16 - 16. In terms of the statistical definition of...Ch. 16 - 17. The entropy of the molecules that form leaves...Ch. 16 - Prob. 18CQCh. 16 - Below, BIO indicates a problem with a biological...Ch. 16 - Below, BIO indicates a problem with a biological...Ch. 16 - Prob. 3PCh. 16 - Below, BIO indicates a problem with a biological...Ch. 16 - Prob. 5PCh. 16 - 6. (a) Identify all of the macrostate...Ch. 16 - 7. * Repeat the previous problem for a system with...Ch. 16 - * Determine the ratio of the number of microstates...Ch. 16 - Prob. 9PCh. 16 - 10. * Parachutists landing on island Parachutists...Ch. 16 - Prob. 11PCh. 16 - * Nine numbered balls are dropped randomly into...Ch. 16 - * Rolling dice Two dice are rolled Macrostates of...Ch. 16 - 14.* (a) Apply your knowledge of probability to...Ch. 16 - Explain using your knowledge of probability why a...Ch. 16 - * EST Estimate the total change in entropy of two...Ch. 16 - 17. * EST (a) You add 0.1 kg of water at of iced...Ch. 16 - * Entropy change of a house A house at 20C...Ch. 16 - 19. ** Barrel of water in cellar in winter A...Ch. 16 - 20. * EST (a) Determine the final temperature when...Ch. 16 - * A 5.0-kg block slides on a level surface and...Ch. 16 - with the horizontal. Determine the entropy change...Ch. 16 - Prob. 23PCh. 16 - * BIO Efficiency of woman walking A 60-kg woman...Ch. 16 - Prob. 25PCh. 16 - 26. ** A cyclic process involving 1 mole of ideal...Ch. 16 - 27. ** A cyclic process involving 1 mole of ideal...Ch. 16 - Prob. 28PCh. 16 - Prob. 29PCh. 16 - Prob. 30PCh. 16 - Prob. 31PCh. 16 - 32. Rank the engines that operate with the...Ch. 16 - 33. Nuclear power plant A nuclear power plant...Ch. 16 - Prob. 34PCh. 16 - Prob. 35GPCh. 16 - W=AUint. W=(3.0)105N/m2 )(0.020m30.010m3)+0...Ch. 16 - * A thermodynamic engine operates between two...Ch. 16 - 38. * A refrigerator transfers 700 J of thermal...Ch. 16 - Prob. 39RPPCh. 16 - Prob. 40RPPCh. 16 - Fuel used to counter air resistance The resistive...Ch. 16 - Prob. 42RPPCh. 16 - Prob. 43RPPCh. 16 - The value of CA for a Ford Escape Hybrid is...
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- An electric generating station is designed to have an electric output power of 1.40 MW using a turbine with two-thirds the efficiency of a Carnot engine. The exhaust energy is transferred by heat into a cooling tower at 110C. (a) Find the rate at which the station exhausts energy by heat as a function of the fuel combustion temperature Th. (b) If the firebox is modified to run hotter by using more advanced combustion technology, how does the amount of energy exhaust change? (c) Find the exhaust power for Th = 800C. (d) Find the value of Th for which the exhaust power would be only half as large as in part (c). (e) Find the value of Th for which the exhaust power would be one-fourth as large as in part (c).arrow_forward. As a gasoline engine is miming, an amount of gasoline containing 15,000 J of chemical potential energy is burned in 1 s. During that second, the engine does 3,000 J of work. (a) What is the engine's efficiency? (b) The burning gasoline has a temperature of about 4,000°F (2,500 K). The waste heat from the engine flows into air at about 80°F (300 K). What is the Carnot efficiency of a heat engine operating between these two temperatures?arrow_forwardA large electrical power station generates 1000 MW of electricity with an efficiency of 35.0%. (a) Calculate the heat transfer to the power station, Qh, in one day. (b) How much heat transfer Qc occurs to the environment in one day? (c) If the heat transfer in the cooling towers is from 35.0C water into the local air mass, which increases in temperature from 18.0C to 20.0C, what is the total increase in entropy due to this heat transfer? (d) How much energy becomes unavailable to do work because of this increase in entropy, assuming an 18.0C lowest temperature? (Part of Qccould be utilized to operate heat engines or far simply heating the surroundings, but it rarely is.)arrow_forward
- This problem compares the energy output and heat transfer to the environment by two different types of nuclear power stationsone with the normal efficiency of 34.0%, and another with an improved efficiency of 40.0%. Suppose both have the same heat transfer into the engine in one day. 2.501014J. (a) How much more electrical energy is produced by the more efficient power station? (b) How much less heat transfer occurs to the environment by the more efficient power station? (One type of more ef?cient nuclear power station, the gas—cooled reactor, has not been reliable enough to be economically feasible in spite of its greater eficiency.)arrow_forwardAn electrical power plant has an overall efficiency of 15%. The plant is to deliver 150 MW of electrical power to a city, and its turbines use coal as fuel. The burning coal produces steam at 190C, which drives the turbines. The steam is condensed into water at 25C by passing through coils that are in contact with river water. (a) How many metric tons of coal does the plant consume each day (1 metric ton = 1 103 kg)? (b) What is the total cost of the fuel per year if the delivery price is 8 per metric ton? (c) If the river water is delivered at 20C, at what minimum rate must it flow over the cooling coils so that its temperature doesnt exceed 25C? Note: The heat of combustion of coal is 7.8 103 cal/g.arrow_forward(a) Ten grams of H2O stats as ice at 0 . The ice absorbs heat from the air (just above 0 ) until all of it melts. Calculate the entropy change of the H2O, of the air, and of the universe. (b) Suppose that the air in part (a) is at 20 rather than 0 and that the ice absorbs heat until it becomes water at 20 . Calculate the entropy change of the H2O, of the air, and of the universe. (c) Is either of these processes reversible?arrow_forward
- During each cycle, a refrigerator ejects 625 kJ of energy to a high-temperature reservoir and takes in 550 kJ of energy from a low-temperature reservoir. Determine (a) the work done on the refrigerant in each cycle and (b) the coefficient of performance of the refrigerator.arrow_forwardAn electrical power plant has an overall efficiency of 15%. The plant is to deliver 150 MW of electrical power to a city, and its turbines use coal as fuel. The burning coal produces steam at 190C, which drives the turbines. The steam is condensed into water at 25C by passing through coils that are in contact with river water. (a) How many metric tons of coal does the plant consume each day (1 metric ton = 1 103 kg)? (b) What is the total cost of the fuel per year if the delivery price is 8 per metric ton? (c) If the river water is delivered at 20C, at what minimum rate must it flow over the cooling coils so that its temperature doesnt exceed 25C? Note: The heat of combustion of coal is 7.8 103 cal/g.arrow_forwardSuppose you build a two-engine device with the exhaust energy output from one heat engine supplying the input energy for a second heat engine. We say that the two engines arc running in series. Let e1 and e2 represent the efficiencies of the two engines. (a) The overall efficiency of the two-engine device is defined as the total work output divided by the energy put into the first engine by heat. Show that the overall efficiency e is given by e=e1+e2e1e2 What If? For parts (b) through (e) that follow, assume the two engines are Carnot engines. Engine 1 operates between temperatures Th and Ti. The gas in engine 2 varies in temperature between Ti and Tc. In terms of the temperatures, (b) what is the efficiency of the combination engine? (c) Does an improvement in net efficiency result from the use of two engines instead of one? (d) What value of the intermediate temperature Ti results in equal work being done by each of the two engines in series? (e) What value of Ti results in each of the two engines in series having the same efficiency?arrow_forward
- (a) How much heat transfer occurs from 20.0 kg of 90.0C water placed in contact with 20.0 kg of 10.0C water, producing a final temperature of 50.0C ? (b) How much work could a Carnot engine do with this heat transfer, assuming it operates between two reservoirs at constant temperatures of 90.0C and 10.0C ? (c) What increase in entropy is produced by mixing 20.0 kg of 90.0C water with 20.0 kg of 10.0C water? (d) Calculate the amount of work made unavailable by this mixing using a low temperature of 10.0C, and compare it with the work done by the Garnet engine. Explicitly show how you follow the steps in the Problem-Solving Strategies for Entropy. (e) Discuss how everyday processes make increasingly more energy unavailable to do work, as implied by this problem.arrow_forwardAn ideal refrigerator or ideal heat pump is equivalent to a Carnot engine running in reverse. That is, energy |Qc| is taken in from a cold reservoir and energy |Qh| is rejected to a hot reservoir. (a) Show that the work that must he supplied to run the refrigerator or heat pump is W=ThTcTc|Qc| (b) Show that the coefficient of performance (COP) of the ideal refrigerator is COP=TcThTcarrow_forward
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