The equilibrium concentrations of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, dihydroxyacetone (DHAP), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) under given conditions should be determined. Concept introduction: By the action of aldolase enzyme, fructose-1,6-bisphopshate is converted into DHAP and G3P. Aldolase uses zinc ion as its cofactor. This is the fourth step in the glycolysis process, and the last step of the preparatory phase.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 30P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The equilibrium concentrations of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, dihydroxyacetone (DHAP), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) under given conditions should be determined.

Concept introduction:

By the action of aldolase enzyme, fructose-1,6-bisphopshate is converted into DHAP and G3P. Aldolase uses zinc ion as its cofactor. This is the fourth step in the glycolysis process, and the last step of the preparatory phase.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 30P

Equilibrium concentration of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate = 7.8 ×10−4 M

Equilibrium concentration of DHAP = 2.2×10−4M

Equilibrium concentration of G3P = 2.2×10−4M

Explanation of Solution

Given information:

1 mM (0.001M) of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is incubated with aldolase under standard conditions.

The reaction is:

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate⇌aldolaseDHAP+G3P ; ΔG∘=23.9kJ/mol = 23.9 × 103J/mol

Creating the ICE table as:

Reaction - Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate⇌aldolaseDHAP+G3P ; ΔG∘=23.9kJ/mol = 23.9 × 103J/molInitial concentration- 0.001M 0M 0MDifference in conc - -xM +xM +xMFinal Concentration - (0.001-x)M xM xM

Calculation of equilibrium constant, Keq :

ΔG∘=−RTlnKeq23.9 × 103J/mol=−8.314J/mol K × 298K×ln KeqKeq = 6.5×10−5

Now,

Keq = concentration of productsconcentration of substratesKeq = [DHAP]×[G3P][fructose-1,6-bisphosphate]6.5×10−5=x × x0.001−x6.5×10−5(0.001−x) = x26.5×10−8−6.5×10x = x2x2+6.5×10−5x−6.5×10−8=0

Solving for x,

x = −b± b2 −4ac2ax = −(6.5× 10 −5)± (6.5× 10 −5 )2 −4×1×(−6.5× 10 −8 )2×1x = 2.2×10−4M

So, equilibrium concentrations of DHAP and G3P = 2.2×10−4M

Equilibrium concentration of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate = (0.001-2.2×10−4) M = 7.8 ×10−4 M

Conclusion

Equilibrium concentration of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate = 7.8 ×10−4 M

Equilibrium concentration of DHAP = 2.2×10−4M

Equilibrium concentration of G3P = 2.2×10−4M

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27. Working at cross-purposes . Write a balanced equation showing the effect of simultaneous activation of glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthase. Include the reactions catalyzed by phosphoglucomutase and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 30P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The equilibrium concentrations of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, dihydroxyacetone (DHAP), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) under given conditions should be determined.

Concept introduction:

By the action of aldolase enzyme, fructose-1,6-bisphopshate is converted into DHAP and G3P. Aldolase uses zinc ion as its cofactor. This is the fourth step in the glycolysis process, and the last step of the preparatory phase.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 30P

Equilibrium concentration of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate = 7.8 ×10−4 M

Equilibrium concentration of DHAP = 2.2×10−4M

Equilibrium concentration of G3P = 2.2×10−4M

Explanation of Solution

Given information:

1 mM (0.001M) of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is incubated with aldolase under standard conditions.

The reaction is:

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate⇌aldolaseDHAP+G3P ; ΔG∘=23.9kJ/mol = 23.9 × 103J/mol

Creating the ICE table as:

Reaction - Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate⇌aldolaseDHAP+G3P ; ΔG∘=23.9kJ/mol = 23.9 × 103J/molInitial concentration- 0.001M 0M 0MDifference in conc - -xM +xM +xMFinal Concentration - (0.001-x)M xM xM

Calculation of equilibrium constant, Keq :

ΔG∘=−RTlnKeq23.9 × 103J/mol=−8.314J/mol K × 298K×ln KeqKeq = 6.5×10−5

Now,

Keq = concentration of productsconcentration of substratesKeq = [DHAP]×[G3P][fructose-1,6-bisphosphate]6.5×10−5=x × x0.001−x6.5×10−5(0.001−x) = x26.5×10−8−6.5×10x = x2x2+6.5×10−5x−6.5×10−8=0

Solving for x,

x = −b± b2 −4ac2ax = −(6.5× 10 −5)± (6.5× 10 −5 )2 −4×1×(−6.5× 10 −8 )2×1x = 2.2×10−4M

So, equilibrium concentrations of DHAP and G3P = 2.2×10−4M

Equilibrium concentration of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate = (0.001-2.2×10−4) M = 7.8 ×10−4 M

Conclusion

Equilibrium concentration of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate = 7.8 ×10−4 M

Equilibrium concentration of DHAP = 2.2×10−4M

Equilibrium concentration of G3P = 2.2×10−4M

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 30P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The equilibrium concentrations of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, dihydroxyacetone (DHAP), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) under given conditions should be determined.

Concept introduction:

By the action of aldolase enzyme, fructose-1,6-bisphopshate is converted into DHAP and G3P. Aldolase uses zinc ion as its cofactor. This is the fourth step in the glycolysis process, and the last step of the preparatory phase.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 30P

Equilibrium concentration of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate = 7.8 ×10−4 M

Equilibrium concentration of DHAP = 2.2×10−4M

Equilibrium concentration of G3P = 2.2×10−4M

Explanation of Solution

Given information:

1 mM (0.001M) of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is incubated with aldolase under standard conditions.

The reaction is:

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate⇌aldolaseDHAP+G3P ; ΔG∘=23.9kJ/mol = 23.9 × 103J/mol

Creating the ICE table as:

Reaction - Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate⇌aldolaseDHAP+G3P ; ΔG∘=23.9kJ/mol = 23.9 × 103J/molInitial concentration- 0.001M 0M 0MDifference in conc - -xM +xM +xMFinal Concentration - (0.001-x)M xM xM

Calculation of equilibrium constant, Keq :

ΔG∘=−RTlnKeq23.9 × 103J/mol=−8.314J/mol K × 298K×ln KeqKeq = 6.5×10−5

Now,

Keq = concentration of productsconcentration of substratesKeq = [DHAP]×[G3P][fructose-1,6-bisphosphate]6.5×10−5=x × x0.001−x6.5×10−5(0.001−x) = x26.5×10−8−6.5×10x = x2x2+6.5×10−5x−6.5×10−8=0

Solving for x,

x = −b± b2 −4ac2ax = −(6.5× 10 −5)± (6.5× 10 −5 )2 −4×1×(−6.5× 10 −8 )2×1x = 2.2×10−4M

So, equilibrium concentrations of DHAP and G3P = 2.2×10−4M

Equilibrium concentration of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate = (0.001-2.2×10−4) M = 7.8 ×10−4 M

Conclusion

Equilibrium concentration of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate = 7.8 ×10−4 M

Equilibrium concentration of DHAP = 2.2×10−4M

Equilibrium concentration of G3P = 2.2×10−4M

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 30P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The equilibrium concentrations of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, dihydroxyacetone (DHAP), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) under given conditions should be determined.

Concept introduction:

By the action of aldolase enzyme, fructose-1,6-bisphopshate is converted into DHAP and G3P. Aldolase uses zinc ion as its cofactor. This is the fourth step in the glycolysis process, and the last step of the preparatory phase.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 30P

Equilibrium concentration of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate = 7.8 ×10−4 M

Equilibrium concentration of DHAP = 2.2×10−4M

Equilibrium concentration of G3P = 2.2×10−4M

Explanation of Solution

Given information:

1 mM (0.001M) of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is incubated with aldolase under standard conditions.

The reaction is:

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate⇌aldolaseDHAP+G3P ; ΔG∘=23.9kJ/mol = 23.9 × 103J/mol

Creating the ICE table as:

Reaction - Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate⇌aldolaseDHAP+G3P ; ΔG∘=23.9kJ/mol = 23.9 × 103J/molInitial concentration- 0.001M 0M 0MDifference in conc - -xM +xM +xMFinal Concentration - (0.001-x)M xM xM

Calculation of equilibrium constant, Keq :

ΔG∘=−RTlnKeq23.9 × 103J/mol=−8.314J/mol K × 298K×ln KeqKeq = 6.5×10−5

Now,

Keq = concentration of productsconcentration of substratesKeq = [DHAP]×[G3P][fructose-1,6-bisphosphate]6.5×10−5=x × x0.001−x6.5×10−5(0.001−x) = x26.5×10−8−6.5×10x = x2x2+6.5×10−5x−6.5×10−8=0

Solving for x,

x = −b± b2 −4ac2ax = −(6.5× 10 −5)± (6.5× 10 −5 )2 −4×1×(−6.5× 10 −8 )2×1x = 2.2×10−4M

So, equilibrium concentrations of DHAP and G3P = 2.2×10−4M

Equilibrium concentration of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate = (0.001-2.2×10−4) M = 7.8 ×10−4 M

Conclusion

Equilibrium concentration of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate = 7.8 ×10−4 M

Equilibrium concentration of DHAP = 2.2×10−4M

Equilibrium concentration of G3P = 2.2×10−4M

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Answer 5

Chapter 16, Problem 30P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The equilibrium concentrations of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, dihydroxyacetone (DHAP), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) under given conditions should be determined.

Concept introduction:

By the action of aldolase enzyme, fructose-1,6-bisphopshate is converted into DHAP and G3P. Aldolase uses zinc ion as its cofactor. This is the fourth step in the glycolysis process, and the last step of the preparatory phase.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 30P

Equilibrium concentration of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate = 7.8 ×10−4 M

Equilibrium concentration of DHAP = 2.2×10−4M

Equilibrium concentration of G3P = 2.2×10−4M

Explanation of Solution

Given information:

1 mM (0.001M) of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is incubated with aldolase under standard conditions.

The reaction is:

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate⇌aldolaseDHAP+G3P ; ΔG∘=23.9kJ/mol = 23.9 × 103J/mol

Creating the ICE table as:

Reaction - Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate⇌aldolaseDHAP+G3P ; ΔG∘=23.9kJ/mol = 23.9 × 103J/molInitial concentration- 0.001M 0M 0MDifference in conc - -xM +xM +xMFinal Concentration - (0.001-x)M xM xM

Calculation of equilibrium constant, Keq :

ΔG∘=−RTlnKeq23.9 × 103J/mol=−8.314J/mol K × 298K×ln KeqKeq = 6.5×10−5

Now,

Keq = concentration of productsconcentration of substratesKeq = [DHAP]×[G3P][fructose-1,6-bisphosphate]6.5×10−5=x × x0.001−x6.5×10−5(0.001−x) = x26.5×10−8−6.5×10x = x2x2+6.5×10−5x−6.5×10−8=0

Solving for x,

x = −b± b2 −4ac2ax = −(6.5× 10 −5)± (6.5× 10 −5 )2 −4×1×(−6.5× 10 −8 )2×1x = 2.2×10−4M

So, equilibrium concentrations of DHAP and G3P = 2.2×10−4M

Equilibrium concentration of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate = (0.001-2.2×10−4) M = 7.8 ×10−4 M

Conclusion

Equilibrium concentration of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate = 7.8 ×10−4 M

Equilibrium concentration of DHAP = 2.2×10−4M

Equilibrium concentration of G3P = 2.2×10−4M

Answer 6

Chapter 16, Problem 30P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The equilibrium concentrations of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, dihydroxyacetone (DHAP), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) under given conditions should be determined.

Concept introduction:

By the action of aldolase enzyme, fructose-1,6-bisphopshate is converted into DHAP and G3P. Aldolase uses zinc ion as its cofactor. This is the fourth step in the glycolysis process, and the last step of the preparatory phase.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 30P

Equilibrium concentration of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate = 7.8 ×10−4 M

Equilibrium concentration of DHAP = 2.2×10−4M

Equilibrium concentration of G3P = 2.2×10−4M

Explanation of Solution

Given information:

1 mM (0.001M) of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is incubated with aldolase under standard conditions.

The reaction is:

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate⇌aldolaseDHAP+G3P ; ΔG∘=23.9kJ/mol = 23.9 × 103J/mol

Creating the ICE table as:

Reaction - Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate⇌aldolaseDHAP+G3P ; ΔG∘=23.9kJ/mol = 23.9 × 103J/molInitial concentration- 0.001M 0M 0MDifference in conc - -xM +xM +xMFinal Concentration - (0.001-x)M xM xM

Calculation of equilibrium constant, Keq :

ΔG∘=−RTlnKeq23.9 × 103J/mol=−8.314J/mol K × 298K×ln KeqKeq = 6.5×10−5

Now,

Keq = concentration of productsconcentration of substratesKeq = [DHAP]×[G3P][fructose-1,6-bisphosphate]6.5×10−5=x × x0.001−x6.5×10−5(0.001−x) = x26.5×10−8−6.5×10x = x2x2+6.5×10−5x−6.5×10−8=0

Solving for x,

x = −b± b2 −4ac2ax = −(6.5× 10 −5)± (6.5× 10 −5 )2 −4×1×(−6.5× 10 −8 )2×1x = 2.2×10−4M

So, equilibrium concentrations of DHAP and G3P = 2.2×10−4M

Equilibrium concentration of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate = (0.001-2.2×10−4) M = 7.8 ×10−4 M

Conclusion

Equilibrium concentration of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate = 7.8 ×10−4 M

Equilibrium concentration of DHAP = 2.2×10−4M

Equilibrium concentration of G3P = 2.2×10−4M

Answer 7

Chapter 16, Problem 30P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The equilibrium concentrations of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, dihydroxyacetone (DHAP), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) under given conditions should be determined.

Concept introduction:

By the action of aldolase enzyme, fructose-1,6-bisphopshate is converted into DHAP and G3P. Aldolase uses zinc ion as its cofactor. This is the fourth step in the glycolysis process, and the last step of the preparatory phase.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 30P

Equilibrium concentration of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate = 7.8 ×10−4 M

Equilibrium concentration of DHAP = 2.2×10−4M

Equilibrium concentration of G3P = 2.2×10−4M

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

Given information:

1 mM (0.001M) of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is incubated with aldolase under standard conditions.

The reaction is:

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate⇌aldolaseDHAP+G3P ; ΔG∘=23.9kJ/mol = 23.9 × 103J/mol

Creating the ICE table as:

Reaction - Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate⇌aldolaseDHAP+G3P ; ΔG∘=23.9kJ/mol = 23.9 × 103J/molInitial concentration- 0.001M 0M 0MDifference in conc - -xM +xM +xMFinal Concentration - (0.001-x)M xM xM

Calculation of equilibrium constant, Keq :

ΔG∘=−RTlnKeq23.9 × 103J/mol=−8.314J/mol K × 298K×ln KeqKeq = 6.5×10−5

Now,

Keq = concentration of productsconcentration of substratesKeq = [DHAP]×[G3P][fructose-1,6-bisphosphate]6.5×10−5=x × x0.001−x6.5×10−5(0.001−x) = x26.5×10−8−6.5×10x = x2x2+6.5×10−5x−6.5×10−8=0

Solving for x,

x = −b± b2 −4ac2ax = −(6.5× 10 −5)± (6.5× 10 −5 )2 −4×1×(−6.5× 10 −8 )2×1x = 2.2×10−4M

So, equilibrium concentrations of DHAP and G3P = 2.2×10−4M

Equilibrium concentration of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate = (0.001-2.2×10−4) M = 7.8 ×10−4 M

Answer 12

Conclusion

Equilibrium concentration of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate = 7.8 ×10−4 M

Equilibrium concentration of DHAP = 2.2×10−4M

Equilibrium concentration of G3P = 2.2×10−4M

Answer 13

Ch. 16 - Prob. 1P Ch. 16 - Prob. 2P Ch. 16 - Prob. 3P Ch. 16 - Prob. 4P Ch. 16 - Prob. 5P Ch. 16 - Prob. 6P Ch. 16 - Prob. 7P Ch. 16 - Prob. 8P Ch. 16 - Prob. 9P Ch. 16 - Prob. 10P

Answer to Problem 30P

Explanation of Solution

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Chapter 16 Solutions